{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T07:14:46Z","timestamp":1788246886214,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003843","name":"Imam Khomeini International University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The integration of hydrophilic, porous, and polymer-compatible nanofillers into thin-film nanocomposite\u2013forward osmosis (TFN-FO) membranes is a promising strategy for enhancing water treatment efficiency. This research focuses on synthesizing an N-doped graphene quantum dots@zeolite X (N-GQDs@Z) nanocomposite by decorating Z with N-GQDs to improve the compatibility of pristine zeolite with the polyamide (PA) selective layer while exploiting the complementary properties of both components. The as-synthesized N-GQDs@Z nanocomposites were embedded into the PA layer of TFN-FO membranes during the interfacial polymerization. The findings reveal that N-GQDs@Z effectively modulates the surface properties and structure of the PA skin layer, causing enhanced hydrophilicity, reduced thickness, controlled roughness, and the formation of a continuous, defect-minimized rejection layer. With the optimal addition of N-GQDs@Z (0.010 wt %), the water flux increased to 31.62 LMH in FO mode, approximately 1.64 times that of the unmodified TFC membrane, accompanied by a high selectivity of 0.36 g\/L (31% improvement). The augmentation in water\/ion separation efficiency stems from improved N-GQDs@Z\/PA interfacial compatibility, enhanced surface hydrophilicity, shorter transport pathways associated with the thinner PA layer, and the potential contribution of transport channels within N-GQDs@Z, whose effective pore accessibility may be regulated by the surrounding PA matrix. Moreover, the top-performing membrane exhibited enhanced antifouling performance against both bovine serum albumin and sodium alginate, with flux recovery ratios of 89.4% and 87.7%, respectively, and substantially reduced flux decline compared with the pristine TFC membrane. The optimized TFN-QZ2 membrane also exhibited excellent long-term operational stability with minimal Al leaching under simulated seawater desalination conditions, confirming the enhanced stability of the incorporated N-GQDs@Z nanofiller within the PA layer. This study demonstrates that N-GQDs@Z nanocomposites provide an effective strategy for simultaneously improving permeability, selectivity, antifouling behavior, and the long-term stability of TFN-FO desalination membranes while addressing the compatibility limitations of conventional zeolite fillers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c08798","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T10:02:03Z","timestamp":1786960923000},"page":"45577-45592","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Zeolite X\u2212Polyamide Compatibility in Thin-Film Nanocomposite Forward Osmosis Membranes via Decoration with N-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3818-7539","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Arshad","family":"Bayrami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Imam Khomeini International University , , P.O. Box, ,","place":["Qazvin, Iran, 34148-96818"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Nikkhoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maragheh , , P.O. Box, ,","place":["Maragheh, Iran, 55181-83111"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahba","family":"Mirzanejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharif University of Technology , , P.O. Box , ,","place":["Tehran, Iran, 11155-3615"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3009-3693","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mojtaba","family":"Bagherzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sharif University of Technology , , P.O. 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