{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T06:15:51Z","timestamp":1792044951763,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HQ0034-24-2-0008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HQ0034-24-2-0008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006754","name":"Army Research Laboratory","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911NF-19-2-0152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911NF-19-2-0152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Conventional powder coatings eliminate volatile organic compound emissions, but most systems still require elevated temperature curing to achieve sufficient cross-linking. To address this gap, we developed shelf-stable, reactive core\u2013shell particles (CSPs) that formed robust, on demand coatings at room temperature. Two particle types were designed with mutually reactive core chemistries and protective shells that isolate the cores during storage but fracture under applied pressure to enable film formation. Suspension polymerization was used to synthesize (i) amine CSPs, consisting of a phenalkamine core protected by a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) shell, and (ii) epoxy CSPs with a polyurea (PUR) shell. Chemical compositions of the CSPs were confirmed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and thermogravimetric analysis. Dry mixtures of CSPs at three amine-to-epoxy ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) were prepared and tested for film formation. Films were formed via force-activated compression at room temperature and cured for 24 h at 20 \u00b0C or with a mild post-cure at 70 \u00b0C. Scanning electron microscopy was used to verify and visualize the formed films. Gel content analysis demonstrated network formation in all cases, with the 1:2 amine-to-epoxy formulation achieving the highest gel contents of 28.2 \u00b1 1.4 wt % after 24 h at 20 \u00b0C and 44.6 \u00b1 1.5 wt % at 70 \u00b0C, corresponding to 60.5 \u00b1 3.0% and 95.6 \u00b1 3.2% of its theoretical maximum, respectively. Uniaxial tensile testing demonstrated that coatings formed from any of the amine-to-epoxy ratios had an equivalent Young\u2019s modulus of \u223c37 MPa at 20 \u00b0C, which increased to \u223c107 MPa when cured at 70 \u00b0C. Local atomic force microscopy mapping revealed that the 1:2 formulation had the highest Young\u2019s modulus, reaching 8111 MPa. These results demonstrate a freestanding cross-linked powder coating formed at room temperature and provide design guidelines for next-generation ambient-curable industrial coatings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c09111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:20:48Z","timestamp":1785849648000},"page":"43109-43120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Room Temperature, Force-Activated Cross-Linked Coatings from Reactive Core\u2013Shell Particles"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1156-8529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jichao","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thanh Uyen Hao","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3620-1533","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meng-Chen","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7866-462X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fionnuala B.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8160-2668","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shao-Hsiang","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Klier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]},{"name":"University of Oklahoma , , , ,","place":["Norman, Oklahoma, United States, 73019-0631"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1265-5392","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica D.","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]},{"name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst , , , ,","place":["Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, 01003-9303"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"2026081917061042400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9440(97)00062-3","article-title":"Chemical Resistance of Waterborne Epoxy\/Amine Coatings","volume":"32","author":"Wegmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081917061042400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b608888k","article-title":"Preventing UV-Light Damage of Light Sensitive Materials Using a Highly Protective UV-Absorbing Coating","volume":"36","author":"Zayat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2021.106258","article-title":"Self-Healing Epoxy Coatings Containing Microcapsules Filled with Different Amine Compounds \u2013 A Comparison Study","volume":"156","author":"Schlemper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081917061042400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.12.027","article-title":"Mechanisms of Polymeric Film Formation","volume":"457","author":"Felton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081917061042400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6700(96)00019-6","article-title":"Paint and Coatings: A Mature Industry in Transition","volume":"22","author":"Weiss","year":"1997","journal-title":"Prog. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026081917061042400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182413147","article-title":"Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as Environmental Pollutants: Occurrence and Mitigation Using Nanomaterials","volume":"18","author":"David","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156201","article-title":"Chemicals in European Residences \u2013 Part I: A Review of Emissions, Concentrations and Health Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)","volume":"839","author":"Halios","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58006","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09729","article-title":"From Wet to Protective: Film Formation in Waterborne Coatings","volume":"16","author":"Arjmandi","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"27","key":"2026081917061042400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17499","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b02131","article-title":"Click Cross-Linking-Improved Waterborne Polymers for Environment-Friendly Coatings and Adhesives","volume":"8","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmrt.2022.08.156","article-title":"Graphene-Reinforced Epoxy Powder Coating to Achieve High Performance Wear and Corrosion Resistance","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res. Technol."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2014.12.066","article-title":"Scratch Resistance and Tribological Performance of Thermosetting Composite Powder Coatings System: A Comparative Evaluation","volume":"263","author":"Zouari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081917061042400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2011.03.016","article-title":"Investigation of the Recyclability of Powder Coatings","volume":"211","author":"Fu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127606","article-title":"A Comprehensive Review on Sustainable Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: State of the Art, Challenges and Future Challenges","volume":"310","author":"Prashar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"issue":"03","key":"2026081917061042400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.4236\/msce.2016.43007","article-title":"The Review of Powder Coatings","volume":"04","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"34","key":"2026081917061042400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15121","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c02320","article-title":"Polyurethane Powder Coatings: A Review of Composition and Characterization","volume":"59","author":"Farshchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081917061042400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-015-4411-9","article-title":"An Investigation into the Curing of Epoxy Powder Coating Systems","volume":"119","author":"Hal\u00e1sz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2023.107922","article-title":"A Latened Catalytic Strategy for Low Cure Thermoset Powder Coating by Post-Dry-Blending Technique","volume":"185","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081917061042400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15010195","article-title":"Rubber-Composite-Nanoparticle-Modified Epoxy Powder Coatings with Low Curing Temperature and High Toughness","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2021.106355","article-title":"Progress in Development of UV Curable Powder Coatings","volume":"158","author":"Czachor-Jadacka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081917061042400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1007\/s11998-022-00722-x","article-title":"Investigating the Correlation between the Curing Behavior and Properties of Acrylic Powder Coatings","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Coat. Technol. Res."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijadhadh.2021.103062","article-title":"A Review on Electrostatic Powder Coatings for the Furniture Industry","volume":"113","author":"Ayrilmis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Adhes. Adhes."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081917061042400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b04698","article-title":"Polymer Particles with a Low Glass Transition Temperature Containing Thermoset Resin Enable Powder Coatings at Room Temperature","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"42","key":"2026081917061042400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50358","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c15415","article-title":"Epoxy Resin-Encapsulated Polymer Microparticles for Room-Temperature Cold Sprayable Coatings","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit24","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Powder Coatings of Amine Reactive Resins and Amine Carbamate Salts"},{"issue":"863","key":"2026081917061042400_cit25","first-page":"29","volume":"68","author":"Weinmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Amine-Functional Curatives for Low Temperature Cure Epoxy Coatings"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081917061042400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1108\/prt-08-2017-0071","article-title":"Phenalkamine Curing Agents for Epoxy Resin: Characterization and Structure Property Relationship","volume":"47","author":"Wazarkar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pigm. Resin Technol."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1520\/MNL17-2ND-EB","volume-title":"Paint and Coating Testing Manual: Fifteenth Edition of the Gardner-Sward Handbook","author":"Koleske","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081917061042400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965-021-02458-5","article-title":"Effect of Epoxy Resin Healing Agent Viscosity on the Self-Healing Performance of Capsules Reinforced Polymer Composite","volume":"28","author":"Pittala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Polym. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081917061042400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55268-7","article-title":"Preparation and Characterization of Microencapsulated Ethylenediamine with Epoxy Resin for Self-Healing Composites","volume":"9","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081917061042400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2011.12.005","article-title":"Self-Healing Thermoset Using Encapsulated Epoxy-Amine Healing Chemistry","volume":"53","author":"Jin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081917061042400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2010.01.006","article-title":"A Review on Self-Healing Coatings Based on Micro\/Nanocapsules","volume":"68","author":"Samadzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081917061042400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1021\/ie960361g","article-title":"An Updated Review on Suspension Polymerization","volume":"36","author":"Vivaldo-Lima","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b17118","volume-title":"CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics","author":"Haynes","year":"2014","edition":"95"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081917061042400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2089","article-title":"NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 Years of Image Analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schneider","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026081917061042400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13120","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.4c02286","article-title":"Recyclable Membranes through Reversible and Dynamic Crosslinking","volume":"6","author":"Ram\u00edrez-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1971.0141","article-title":"Surface Energy and the Contact of Elastic Solids","volume":"324","author":"Johnson","year":"1971","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026081917061042400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15228060","article-title":"Apparent Young\u2019s Modulus of Epoxy Adhesives","volume":"15","author":"Anasiewicz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit38","article-title":"Distilled Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Based, Water Thinable Phenalkamine as Curing Agent for Epoxy Paint Compositions","author":"Nadkarni","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2026081917061042400_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0927-7757(97)00014-9","article-title":"Spectrophotometric and Conductimetric Determination of the Critical Micellar Concentration of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide Micellar Systems Modified by Alcohols and Salts","volume":"125","author":"Benito","year":"1997","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., A"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2024.108815","article-title":"Insights into Powder Coating Excellence: Unveiling the Effects of Particle-Size Distribution","volume":"197","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081917061042400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1002\/pola.25907","article-title":"Polymerization of Free Secondary Amine Bearing Monomers by RAFT Polymerization and Other Controlled Radical Techniques","volume":"50","author":"Janoschka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026081917061042400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.50550","article-title":"Self-healing Performance Assessment of Epoxy Resin and Amine Hardener Encapsulated Polymethyl Methacrylate Microcapsules Reinforced Epoxy Composite","volume":"138","author":"Pittala","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026081917061042400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5441","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01577a030","article-title":"Correlation of the Base Strengths of Amines 1","volume":"79","author":"Hall","year":"1957","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081917061042400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3602","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b06271","article-title":"From Ionic Liquid Epoxy Monomer to Tunable Epoxy\u2013Amine Network: Reaction Mechanism and Final Properties","volume":"7","author":"Livi","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081917061042400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1039\/C5PY01577D","article-title":"Cationic and Reactive Primary Amine-Stabilised Nanoparticles via RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerisation","volume":"7","author":"Williams","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit46","article-title":"Preparation of Dry Sodium Methacrylate","author":"Cornell","year":"1962"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081917061042400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1021\/la00013a004","article-title":"Capillary Forces between Colloidal Particles","volume":"10","author":"Kralchevsky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081917061042400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1590\/0104-1428.10517","article-title":"Core-Shell Magnetic Particles Obtained by Seeded Suspension Polymerization of Acrylic Monomers","volume":"28","author":"Castanharo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pol\u00edmeros"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081917061042400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22101663","article-title":"High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural and Analytical Tool for Unsaturated Lipids in Solution","volume":"22","author":"Alexandri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081917061042400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3424","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.3c00582","article-title":"Effect of the Structure of Epoxy Monomers and Curing Agents: Toward Making Intrinsically Highly Thermally Conductive and Low-Dielectric Epoxy Resins","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026081917061042400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msea.2008.06.035","article-title":"Studies on the Physico-Mechanical and Thermal Characteristics of Blends of DGEBA Epoxy, 3,4 Epoxy Cyclohexylmethyl, 3\u2032,4\u2032-Epoxycylohexane Carboxylate and Carboxyl Terminated Butadiene Co-Acrylonitrile (CTBN)","volume":"496","author":"Tripathi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., A"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2023.123804","article-title":"Spectroscopic Probing of Ultraviolet-Induced Degradation in Elastomeric Polyurea","volume":"309","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta, Part A"},{"issue":"02","key":"2026081917061042400_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.4236\/msa.2012.32012","article-title":"Chemical Analyses of Palm Kernel Oil-Based Polyurethane Prepolymer","volume":"03","author":"Wong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081917061042400_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/app.20599","article-title":"Compositional Analysis of Thermoplastic Wood Composites by TGA","volume":"93","author":"Renneckar","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081917061042400_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705719839450","article-title":"Investigation of Carbon Fiber\u2013Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymers Using Thermogravimetric Analysis","volume":"34","author":"Gi\u017cy\u0144ski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081917061042400_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1007\/s11666-022-01418-9","article-title":"Cold Spray Deposition of High-Density Polyethylene Polymer Particles on Metal Substrates","volume":"31","author":"Sundara Rajan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Therm. Spray Tech."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2024.130809","article-title":"Cold Spray Deposition of High Density Polyethylene Composite Powders","volume":"484","author":"Sundara Rajan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surf. Coat. Technol."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026081917061042400_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48237","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c14540","article-title":"Development of Spray-Coated Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"12","author":"Bishop","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-26835-2","article-title":"Addressing Diffusion Behavior and Impact in an Epoxy\u2013Amine Cure System Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations","volume":"13","author":"Kwon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"51","key":"2026081917061042400_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50414","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.4c07413","article-title":"Effect of Variations of Amine Content and Network Branching on Thermomechanical Properties of Epoxy Systems","volume":"9","author":"Kelly","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026081917061042400_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1021\/ma991831w","article-title":"Amine Cured Epoxide Networks: Formation, Structure, and Properties","volume":"33","author":"Mat\u011bjka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026081917061042400_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7796","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c01208","article-title":"Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation in Rubber-Toughened Amine-Cured Epoxy Resins: Tuning Morphology from the Nano- to Macro-Scale","volume":"54","author":"Leguizamon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081917061042400_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.5c00190","article-title":"Dual Macroscale Wrinkling Mechanisms for Complex Surface Patterning in Photopolymer Resins","volume":"7","author":"Curley","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Polym. Mater."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2018.05.001","article-title":"Polyurethane Nanocomposite Based Gas Barrier Films, Membranes and Coatings: A Review on Synthesis, Characterization and Potential Applications","volume":"97","author":"Joshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026081917061042400_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12188","DOI":"10.1021\/acsanm.1c02692","article-title":"Local Mechanical Properties of Heterogeneous Nanostructures Developed in a Cured Epoxy Network: Implications for Innovative Adhesion Technology","volume":"4","author":"Nguyen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Nano Mater."},{"key":"2026081917061042400_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2015.04.084","article-title":"Curing Dependent Spatial Heterogeneity of Mechanical Response in Epoxy Resins Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy","volume":"68","author":"Bahrami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081917061042400_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-020-0335-9","article-title":"Revealing Structural Evolution Occurring from Photo-Initiated Polymer Network Formation","volume":"3","author":"Brett","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026081917061042400_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.0c00046","article-title":"Phase Transition Kinetics of Doubly Thermoresponsive Poly(Sulfobetaine)-Based Diblock Copolymer Thin Films","volume":"53","author":"Kreuzer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"49","key":"2026081917061042400_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16341","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.9b03104","article-title":"Hydration and Solvent Exchange Induced Swelling and Deswelling of Homogeneous Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) Microgel Thin Films","volume":"35","author":"Widmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Langmuir"}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c09111","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/31\/43109\/66335425\/am-2026-09111a.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/31\/43109\/66335425\/am-2026-09111a.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T21:18:51Z","timestamp":1787174331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/31\/43109\/5237069\/Room-Temperature-Force-Activated-Cross-Linked"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c09111","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]}}}