{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:04:15Z","timestamp":1790114655721,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GA-955837"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA-955837"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Among the various n-type dopants used in organic electronics, NDMBI-H is the most common. However, precise control of the doping levels is still elusive, with reported conductivities varying by orders of magnitude for similar systems. In this study, we investigate a frequently underestimated factor: the mixing time during co-solution processing. Our focus is on a prototypical system involving NDMBI-H-doped PCBM processed in chloroform. Remarkably, we observe a decline in conductivity with prolonged mixing times that does not occur when the single components are stored individually. We establish a correlation between this behavior and characteristic signatures in the 1H NMR spectra of pristine compounds and mixtures. We attribute the decline in conductivity to the reactive nature of chloroform and extend our findings to four more organic semiconductors with different backbones. We find that choosing a suitable solvent and controlling the mixing time allow us to increase the conductivity of doped PCBM to up to 2.64 S\/cm through a straightforward bulk doping process, representing a substantial improvement compared to values obtained using additives or more complex procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c09341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:50:08Z","timestamp":1788263408000},"page":"47888-47894","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixing Time Controls Conductivity of n-Type-Doped Organic Semiconductors"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0790-2126","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Federico","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen , , Nijenborgh 3 , ,","place":["Groningen, The Netherlands, 9747 AG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4783-6406","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Unnati","family":"Pokharel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen , , Nijenborgh 3 , ,","place":["Groningen, The Netherlands, 9747 AG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Ropero Hinojosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz , , Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09111"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen , , Nijenborgh 3 , ,","place":["Groningen, The Netherlands, 9747 AG"]},{"name":"University of Southern Denmark , , ,","place":["S\u00f8nderborg, Denmark, DK-6400"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3535-1076","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rukiya","family":"Matsidik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz , , Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09111"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donato","family":"Ottomano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen , , Nijenborgh 3 , ,","place":["Groningen, The Netherlands, 9747 AG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0895-2095","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan C.","family":"Chiechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen , , Nijenborgh 3 , ,","place":["Groningen, The Netherlands, 9747 AG"]},{"name":"North Carolina State University , , , ,","place":["Raleigh, North Carolina, United States, 27695-8204"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2377-5998","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michael","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Chemnitz , , Stra\u00dfe der Nationen 62 , ,","place":["Chemnitz, Germany, 09111"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6558-5295","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"L. Jan Anton","family":"Koster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen , , Nijenborgh 3 , ,","place":["Groningen, The Netherlands, 9747 AG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092217070450400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4420","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00581","article-title":"Doping Approaches for Organic Semiconductors","volume":"122","author":"Scaccabarozzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. 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