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In tissue engineering, soft and bioactive materials support biointegration by harnessing or mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Building bioelectronic devices from ECM should improve their biointegration, yet there are limited methods to fabricate them due to current manufacturing approaches. An additive manufacturing strategy is presented here for collagen-based bioelectronic interfaces that integrates conducting polymer electrodes with ECM-based substrates or encapsulation layers. Addition of poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) colloidal dispersions enables direct extrusion-based patterning under mild conditions compatible with collagen substrates and forms aqueous stable and highly conducting printed patterns (2788 S m\u20131). The resulting interfaces maintain stable electrochemical performance over 7 days in physiological environments, and support primary human cell adhesion, viability, and proliferation across both material regions. A sacrificial patterning strategy using 3D printed cacao butter further enables spatial control of collagen encapsulation. This approach establishes a framework for fabricating functional bioelectronic devices based on collagen to further enhance device biointerfaces for tissue models and implantable systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c09421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T10:02:17Z","timestamp":1787133737000},"page":"46065-46078","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Additive Manufacturing of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes on Collagen Substrates for Soft and Bioactive Electronics"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tianran","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somtochukwu S.","family":"Okafor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra K.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna P.","family":"Goestenkors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Semar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riley M.","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cayleigh P.","family":"O'Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin S.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cielo J.","family":"Vargas Espinoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9382-6623","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandra L.","family":"Rutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis , , 1 Brookings Dr , , ,","place":["St. Louis, Missouri, United States, 63130"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101216063631500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.10.003","article-title":"Unraveling the Mechanistic Effects of Electric Field Stimulation towards Directing Stem Cell Fate and Function: A Tissue Engineering Perspective","volume":"150","author":"Thrivikraman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026101216063631500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8632","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00413B","article-title":"Bioelectronics for Electrical Stimulation: Materials, Devices and Biomedical Applications","volume":"53","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. 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