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To realize better interfacial modification, herein, site-specific fluorinations of a kind of SAM material with 9,10-dihydro-9,9-diphenylacridine as the conjugated head are performed. Two fluorinated derivatives and their nonfluorinated parent compound, named 4PA-FPhAc, 4PA-PhAcF, and 4PA-PhAc, are synthesized. It is found that 4PA-FPhAc, containing fluorine atoms at the para-positions of the phenyl side chains on the acridine ring, exhibits stronger binding with ITO, enhanced intermolecular interactions, and a tendency to form a denser and more homogeneous molecular assembly, leading to improved interfacial energetic alignment and more efficient hole extraction. In contrast, fluorinations on the acridine backbone perturb molecular packing of 4PA-PhAcF and deteriorate interfacial contact. As a result, binary OSCs incorporating 4PA-FPhAc deliver an impressive efficiency of 19.56%, outperforming counterparts adopting 4PA-PhAc (18.78%) and 4PA-PhAcF (11.90%). Notably, 20.25 cm2 photovoltaic modules with the SAM of 4PA-FPhAc provide a high efficiency of 16.97%. This work demonstrates that site-selective fluorination is an effective molecular-tailoring strategy for high-quality SAMs applicable in OSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c09557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:53:38Z","timestamp":1788256418000},"page":"47608-47617","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Selective Fluorination on an Acridine-Based Self-Assembled Molecule for Optimal Interfacial Modification in Organic Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Chenfei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7982-1642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tianyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adiljan","family":"Wupur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2679-7655","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuixing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengjie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhi","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxuan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donghua University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 201620"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3100-1570","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zaifei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donghua University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. 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