{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T10:24:23Z","timestamp":1787135063786,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"32","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004052","name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lead-free organic\u2013inorganic metal halides have emerged as promising candidates for X-ray imaging applications owing to their intrinsic radioluminescence, solution processability, and economic viability. However, their development remains largely empirical, with limited understanding of the structure\u2013property relationships governing radioluminescence efficiency and stability. Herein, we address this challenge using two zero-dimensional (0D) mixed-metal Mn-Zn bromide systems with distinct organic spacers (T = C9H14BrN and D = C6H12N2), enabling controlled modulation of organic spacer length and metal\u2013metal separation. Although both systems exhibit near-unity photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), they display markedly different scintillation responses. The larger metal\u2013metal separation in Mn0.5Zn0.5Br4T, induced by the longer organic cation T, suppresses nonradiative interactions, leading to enhanced radioluminescence efficiency and operational stability. The optimized system, Mn0.5Zn0.5Br4T, achieves a high light yield of 76,000 photons MeV\u20131, excellent stability, and an ultralow detection limit of 112 nGy s\u20131\u2014approximately 50 times lower than standard medical diagnostic dose rate (5.5 \u03bcGy s\u20131). Flexible large-area scintillators further demonstrate high-resolution X-ray imaging capability. This work establishes a structure\u2013property relationship linking organic spacer modulation, mixed-metal composition, and scintillation efficiency, enabling a rational design framework for scalable, high-performance X-ray scintillators.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c09694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T19:01:47Z","timestamp":1786042907000},"page":"44157-44166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tailored Mn2+-Activated Zinc Halides for Enhanced X-ray Imaging via Ligand Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Alaa M.","family":"Almushaikeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]},{"name":"King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) , , ,","place":["Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 11442"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-1120","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , , ,","place":["Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China, 999077"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2636-6029","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Issatay","family":"Nadinov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Alghanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0789-4396","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Murilo C.","family":"Faleiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-1002","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Osman M.","family":"Bakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5029-2142","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Husam N.","family":"Alshareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-1130","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Omar F.","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) , , ,","place":["Thuwal, Saudi Arabia, 23955\u20136900"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081905150576200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.0c00161","article-title":"All-Inorganic Copper Halide as a Stable and Self-Absorption-Free X-Ray Scintillator","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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