{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:00:27Z","timestamp":1790240427825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"36","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010846","name":"Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZY2019M031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZY2019M031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022CFB464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CFB464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CZZ24018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CZZ24018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["52472291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52472291"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["81401510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81401510"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Oral colon-targeted drug delivery platforms are highly important for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). In this study, an adhesive bilayer microgel (Cp@GTL) integrating time-lag positioning, interfacial mucoadhesive retention, and enzyme-triggered release was engineered for targeted colonic delivery. The adhesive bilayer microgels were loaded with costunolide (Cos), a natural sesquiterpene lactone exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory activity. The inner gel layer was constructed by crosslinking gelatin and low-methoxyl pectin through tannic acid and Ca2+ chelation, forming an interpenetrating network that confers colonic mucoadhesion and enzyme-responsive degradation properties. The outer shell was fabricated via polyelectrolyte complexation between anionic sodium alginate and cationic chitosan, endowing the system with resistance to gastric acid erosion through pH-responsive structural stabilization. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the microgels effectively retarded Cos release under simulated upper gastrointestinal conditions. Following oral administration in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model, Cp@GTL significantly alleviated colitis symptoms, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and ameliorated colonic tissue damage. Furthermore, Cp@GTL exhibited prolonged colonic retention for up to 48 h with high drug accumulation at the target site, while also modulating gut microbiota composition, enhancing microbial diversity, and reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, thereby synergistically contributing to the amelioration of DSS-induced colitis. This naturally derived bilayer microgel integrates time-programmed colonic positioning, interfacial mucoadhesive retention, and enzyme-triggered drug release, enabling coordinated anti-inflammatory intervention and gut microbiota regulation. It provides a promising strategy for enhancing the intestinal application of Cos in UC-associated inflammation and offers a versatile material platform and interfacial engineering approach for the targeted amelioration of intestinal inflammatory disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c09866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T14:11:28Z","timestamp":1788531088000},"page":"48734-48755","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cTargeted Delivery\u2013Long-Acting Adhesion\u2013Synergistic Treatment\u201d Integrated Adhesive Bilayer Microgels Loaded with Costunolide for Ulcerative Colitis Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengpeng","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7053-3008","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fengning","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lirong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanwei","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiasi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2241-3175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6445-3138","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yinjia","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1697-2923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinzhou","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South-Central Minzu University , , ,","place":["Wuhan, PR China, 430074"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026092321453106800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02345-1","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis: signaling pathways, therapeutic targets and interventional strategies","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092321453106800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0205-x","article-title":"Ulcerative colitis","volume":"6","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092321453106800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2024.10.001","article-title":"AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on Pharmacological Management of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"167","author":"Singh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2026.116378","article-title":"Remodeling the gut ecosystem and its mechanism: Natural products in the treatment of ulcerative colitis via regulating gut microbiota and metabolites","volume":"174","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026092321453106800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46090","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09901","article-title":"Acid-Resistant Nano-antioxidants Based on Epigallocatechin Gallate Alleviate Acute Intestinal and Kidney Inflammation","volume":"16","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092321453106800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6655","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.7250","article-title":"A comprehensive chemical and pharmacological review of three confusable Chinese herbal medicine\u2014Aucklandiae radix, Vladimiriae radix, and Inulae radix","volume":"35","author":"Zhuang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1659831","article-title":"Aucklandia lappa Decne.: a review of its botany, cultivation, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and practical applications","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2026.121163","article-title":"Aucklandia lappa, Vladimiria souliei, and Inula helenium: A comprehensive review on the ethnomedicines, phytochemicals, quality control and pharmacology of three confusable Muxiang varieties (2015\u20132025)","volume":"360","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.113199","article-title":"Aucklandia costus (syn Saussurea costus): Ethnopharmacology of an endangered medicinal plant of the Himalayan region","volume":"263","author":"Nadda","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092321453106800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chmed.2020.11.005","article-title":"Sesquiterpene lactones of Aucklandia lappa: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and structure\u2013activity relationship","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Herb. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092321453106800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2022.09.014","article-title":"Costunolide covalently targets NACHT domain of NLRP3 to inhibit inflammasome activation and alleviate NLRP3-driven inflammatory diseases","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154826","article-title":"Tibetan medicine Liuwei Muxiang pills (LWMX pills) effectively protects mice from chronic non-atrophic gastritis","volume":"115","author":"Dhondrup","year":"2023","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.115757","article-title":"Optimized bilosome-based nanoparticles enhance cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic activity of costunolide in LS174T colon cancer cells","volume":"168","author":"Alamoudi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2023.104600","article-title":"Costunolide ameliorates angiotensin II-induced atrial inflammation and fibrosis by regulating mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in mice: A possible therapeutic approach for atrial fibrillation","volume":"151","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.109955","article-title":"Antitumor activity and mechanism of costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone: Two natural sesquiterpene lactones from the Asteraceae family","volume":"125","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.106567","article-title":"Costunolide improved dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice through NF-\u03baB, STAT1\/3, and Akt signaling pathways","volume":"84","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092321453106800_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29777","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-77021-5","article-title":"Costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone alleviate ulcerative colitis via regulating TLR4, NF-\u03baB and PI3K expression","volume":"14","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026092321453106800_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-022-04232-9","article-title":"Formulation of Aucklandiae Radix Extract-Loaded Nanoemulsions and Its Characterization and Evaluations In Vitro and In Vivo","volume":"195","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026092321453106800_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17287","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c14373","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species-Responsive Polymer Drug Delivery System Targeted Oxidative Stressed Colon Cells to Ameliorate Colitis","volume":"19","author":"Cai","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092321453106800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7686","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c15684","article-title":"Growth factors-loaded temperature-sensitive hydrogel as biomimetic mucus attenuated murine ulcerative colitis via repairing the mucosal barriers","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.12.044","article-title":"Harnessing polymer-derived drug delivery systems for combating inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"354","author":"Pu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Controlled Release"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026092321453106800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202404836","article-title":"Enabling Targeted Drug Delivery for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis with Mucosal-Adhesive Photoreactive Hydrogel","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.09.006","article-title":"Dual-mechanism mucoadhesive hydrogel integrating pH-independent barriers and autophagy-driven immunotherapy for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"205","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026092321453106800_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6801","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.4c01019","article-title":"Negatively charged thermosensitive hydrogel loaded with pectin microspheres to recover the mucosal barrier for ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"32","key":"2026092321453106800_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38273","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c06693","article-title":"Injectable Bioadhesive Hydrogels Scavenging ROS and Restoring Mucosal Barrier for Enhanced Ulcerative Colitis Therapy","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092321453106800_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9040282","article-title":"Advances in Hydrogel Adhesives for Gastrointestinal Wound Closure and Repair","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gels"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129221","article-title":"Thermo-sensitive hydrogel with mussel-inspired adhesion enhanced the non-fibrotic repair effect of EGF on colonic mucosa barrier of TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis rats through macrophage polarizing","volume":"416","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092321453106800_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-024-00673-4","article-title":"Catechol redox maintenance in mussel adhesion","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092321453106800_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c11053","article-title":"Tuning Water-Resistant Networks in Mussel-Inspired Hydrogels for Robust Wet Tissue and Bioelectronic Adhesion","volume":"17","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026092321453106800_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45550","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09709","article-title":"Mussel Foot Protein-Inspired Adhesive Tapes with Tunable Underwater Adhesion","volume":"16","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092321453106800_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2022.03.110","article-title":"Oral colon-targeted mucoadhesive micelles with enzyme-responsive controlled release of curcumin for ulcerative colitis therapy","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.10.026","article-title":"Mucoadhesive chitosan hydrogels as rectal drug delivery vessels to treat ulcerative colitis","volume":"48","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092321453106800_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CS00285E","article-title":"Catechol-functionalized hydrogels: biomimetic design, adhesion mechanism, and biomedical applications","volume":"49","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.170264","article-title":"Tannic acid: A star molecule in the construction and biomedical applications of hydrogels","volume":"525","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.11.017","article-title":"Targeted delivery of Chinese herb pair-based berberine\/tannin acid self-assemblies for the treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"2026092321453106800_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7689","DOI":"10.1039\/d1ra07657d","article-title":"Tannic acid: a crosslinker leading to versatile functional polymeric networks: a review","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026092321453106800_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6886","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c00600","article-title":"Bacteria-Induced Colloidal Encapsulation for Probiotic Oral Delivery","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2021.101291","article-title":"Biomaterials coating for on-demand bacteria delivery: Selective release, adhesion, and detachment","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.137204","article-title":"An oral \u201cSuper probiotics\u201d with versatile self-assembly adventitia for enhanced intestinal colonization by autonomous regulating the pathological microenvironment","volume":"446","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092321453106800_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15026","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c06151","article-title":"Ultrathin Hafnium Disulfide Atomic Crystals with ROS-Scavenging and Colon-Targeting Capabilities for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2023.08.020","article-title":"An oral polyphenol host-guest nanoparticle for targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"169","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092321453106800_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10022","DOI":"10.1039\/D5RA05194K","article-title":"Formulation approaches for colon-specific drug delivery: conventional to nanocarrier systems","volume":"16","author":"Mishra","year":"2026","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026092321453106800_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202510976","article-title":"Nanogel Integrated Zwitterionic Injectable Hydrogel with Sequential Drug-Releasing Capability for the Programmable Repair of Spinal Cord Injury","volume":"13","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.173300","article-title":"Confined antisolvent precipitation enables efficient drug encapsulation in microgels for effective gouty arthritis therapy","volume":"530","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092321453106800_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001122","article-title":"A Hydrogen-Bonded Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Bactericidal Hydrogel with Radical Scavenging and Hemostatic Function for pH-Responsive Wound Healing Acceleration","volume":"10","author":"Ahmadian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127143","article-title":"Advancements in gelatin-based hydrogel systems for biomedical applications: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"253","author":"Mohanto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coco.2023.101743","article-title":"Hierarchically cross-linked Gelatin\/Tannic acid\/Laponite hybrid antimicrobial hydrogel for hemostatic dressings","volume":"43","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Compos. Commun."},{"issue":"33","key":"2026092321453106800_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12759","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2023.2257321","article-title":"Carbohydrate polymer-based carriers for colon targeted delivery of probiotics","volume":"64","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"issue":"29","key":"2026092321453106800_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6249","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2024.2437573","article-title":"Structure and degradation dynamics of dietary pectin","volume":"65","author":"Y\u00fcksel","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2025.111461","article-title":"Pectin emulsion gel: Effect of different low-methoxyl pectin on loading and colon-targeted release of curcumin","volume":"167","author":"Arain","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.124750","article-title":"Prebiotic low methoxyl pectin-alginate for colon-targeted Companilactobacillus crustorum MN047 delivery in alleviating ulcerative colitis: Synergy and comparative analysis","volume":"375","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116389","article-title":"Egg-box model-based gelation of alginate and pectin: A review","volume":"242","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.117745","article-title":"Modulating limonin release via pectin fine structure in Ca2+-citrus pectin emulsion gels","volume":"223","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2023.108757","article-title":"Physicochemical and in vitro digestion properties of gelatin\/low-methoxyl pectin synbiotic microgels co-encapsulating Lacticaseibacillus casei and pectic oligosaccharides via double-crosslinking with transglutaminase and calcium ions","volume":"142","author":"Byeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125122","article-title":"Dual-crosslinked polysaccharide microspheres via glycated collagen and sodium alginate\/chitosan for intestine targeted delivery of curcumin in ulcerative colitis treatment","volume":"308","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.125875","article-title":"A review on chitosan and alginate-based microcapsules: Mechanism and applications in drug delivery systems","volume":"248","author":"Wani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2023.112770","article-title":"Modified porous starches loading curcumin and improving the free radical scavenging ability and release properties of curcumin","volume":"168","author":"Han","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121126","article-title":"Colon targeted releases and uptakes of paclitaxel loaded in modified porous starch","volume":"318","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.120887","article-title":"Oral delivery of porous starch-loaded bilayer microgels for controlled drug delivery and treatment of ulcerative colitis","volume":"314","author":"Wen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026092321453106800_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2561","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b05318","article-title":"Mussel-Inspired Adhesive and Tough Hydrogel Based on Nanoclay Confined Dopamine Polymerization","volume":"11","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119844","article-title":"Tannic acid post-treatment of enzymatically crosslinked chitosan-alginate hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"295","author":"Jafari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026092321453106800_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59761","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c20548","article-title":"Nature-inspired hydrogel network for efficient tissue-specific underwater adhesive","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.04.042","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of pectin\/chitosan beads containing porous starch embedded with doxorubicin hydrochloride: A novel and simple colon targeted drug delivery system","volume":"95","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloids"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123206","article-title":"Development of trans-Chalcone loaded pectin\/casein biodegradable microcapsules: Efficacy improvement in the management of experimental colitis","volume":"642","author":"Guazelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.101517","article-title":"Novel organic\/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles as enzyme-triggered drug delivery systems: Dextran and Dextran aldehyde coated silica aerogels","volume":"56","author":"Tiryaki","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Drug Delivery Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026092321453106800_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202100943","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis in Mice Through Regulating Gut Microbiota","volume":"66","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127364","article-title":"Engineering pH responsive carboxyethyl chitosan and oxidized pectin -based hydrogels with self-healing, biodegradable and antibacterial properties for wound healing","volume":"253","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122389","article-title":"Biocompatible hydrogels based on quaternary ammonium salts of chitosan with high antimicrobial activity as biocidal agents for disinfection","volume":"342","author":"Andreica","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133665","article-title":"A curcumin-loaded biopolymeric nanocomposite alleviates dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis via suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress","volume":"275","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026092321453106800_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33081","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05214","article-title":"The Role of Nanoparticle Morphology on Enhancing Delivery of Budesonide for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092321453106800_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.01.002","article-title":"F4\/80+Ly6Chigh Macrophages Lead to Cell Plasticity and Cancer Initiation in Colitis","volume":"164","author":"Shin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092321453106800_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-021-00661-4","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in the regulation of host immune responses and immune-related inflammatory diseases","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2025.101349","article-title":"Disentangling the nutrition-microbiota liaison in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"102","author":"Florio","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mol. Aspects Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092321453106800_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0258-z","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Lavelle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092321453106800_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001966","article-title":"Progress in the investigation of the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidetes ratio as a potential pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis","volume":"74","author":"Yin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092321453106800_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2010.61","article-title":"Helicobacter hepaticus infection in mice: models for understanding lower bowel inflammation and cancer","volume":"4","author":"Fox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2026.158358","article-title":"Mechanism study of HuanglianKushen decoction intervention in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice based on integrative omics","volume":"158","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092321453106800_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00580-y","article-title":"Diversity of bacteria within the human gut and its contribution to the functional unity of holobionts","volume":"10","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"2026092321453106800_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.632569","article-title":"Ginger alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis severity by improving the diversity and function of gut microbiota","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c09866","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/36\/48734\/68374587\/am-2026-09866d.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/36\/48734\/68374587\/am-2026-09866d.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T08:09:49Z","timestamp":1790237389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/36\/48734\/5420615\/Targeted-Delivery-Long-Acting-Adhesion-Synergistic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"36","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c09866","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]}}}