{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:05:28Z","timestamp":1789578328111,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xian Times Graphene New Energy Technology Co., Ltd."}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries shows a theoretical specific capacity of 954 mAh g\u22121, but its poor intrinsic electrical conductivity, severe volume expansion, formation\/shuttling of polysulfide during sodiation\/desodiation processes, and low initial Coulombic efficiency severely hinder its practical application. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets are coated first on antimony trisulfide nanorods that are further embedded in a pitch pyrolytic carbon matrix to yield ternary composites (Sb2S3@rGO@C). The rGO sheets can increase ion transport pathways and ameliorate the reaction kinetics of Sb2S3. The pitch-derived pyrolytic carbon matrix not only reduces the specific surface area of the composite and enhances the initial Coulombic efficiency, but also suppresses the volume variation of Sb2S3. The C\u2212S chemical bonds formed within the composites can inhibit polysulfide shuttling and further improve the sodiation\/desodiation cycling stability. The as-prepared Sb2S3@rGO@C anode exhibits a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 82.2%, excellent cycling stability (delivering a specific capacity of 375.1 mAh g\u22121 even after 800 cycles at 1.0 C), and outstanding rate capability (maintaining a specific capacity of 495.5 mAh g\u22121 at a high current density of 2.0 C).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c10486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T05:34:34Z","timestamp":1788327274000},"page":"47651-47662","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sodium-Ion Storage of Antimony Sulfide Enabled by Dual-Carbon Confinement"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhuo","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-009X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Min","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-7492","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiali","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2219-7700","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shouwu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University , , ,","place":["Shanghai, P. R. China, 200240"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026091612073195400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.464","article-title":"A 30-Year Overview of Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbon Energy"},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202519427","article-title":"Reaction Mechanism, Challenges, and Strategies of High-Energy-Density Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2025.115411","article-title":"Recent Advances Modification of Hard Carbon Materials and Its Application in Sodium Ion Batteries","volume":"111","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Energy Storage"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026091612073195400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44470","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c08727","article-title":"Bismuth Embedded in Holey Expanded Graphite as a Sodium Ion Battery Anode with Superior Rate Capability","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026091612073195400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202404574","article-title":"Fast-Charging Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"36","author":"Wan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091612073195400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11220","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c02892","article-title":"Advanced Anode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"17","author":"Qiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091612073195400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20517\/energymater.2023.146","article-title":"Recent Advances in Sb-Based Anodes for Li\/Na\/K-Ion Batteries and All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries","volume":"4","author":"Yoon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Mater."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.235739","article-title":"Advancement of Sb-Based Anodes for Rechargeable Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"625","author":"Liao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026091612073195400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12139","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c02188","article-title":"Antimony Sulfide-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage: Advances, Challenges, and Prospects","volume":"6","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-017-0165-1","article-title":"Template-Free Synthesis of Sb2S3 Hollow Microspheres as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"10","author":"Xie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201602149","article-title":"Unveiling the Unique Phase Transformation Behavior and Sodiation Kinetics of 1D Van der Waals Sb2S3 Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries","volume":"7","author":"Yao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091612073195400_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1039\/B917705A","article-title":"Reduction of Graphene Oxide Vial-Ascorbic Acid","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1039\/D5NH00380F","article-title":"A Concise Review on the Role of Graphene in Enhancing the Electrochemical Performances of Alloy-Type Anodes in Alkali Metal Ion Batteries","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2018.12.031","article-title":"Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) Decorated Sb2S3 Nanorods as Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"716","author":"Wen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2020.128007","article-title":"1D Sb2S3@Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Coaxial Nanotubes Uniformly Encapsulated within 3D Porous Graphene Aerogel for Fast and Stable Sodium Storage","volume":"408","author":"Zhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2025.115721","article-title":"Strategies in Improving the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Transition Metal Chalcogenides Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries: A review","volume":"217","author":"Habib","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2019.05.008","article-title":"Understanding and Improving the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of High-Capacity Anode Materials for Practical Sodium ion Batteries","volume":"23","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105143","article-title":"Review on Comprehending and Enhancing the Initial Coulombic Efficiency of Anode Materials in Lithium-Ion\/Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091612073195400_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-022-00873-x","article-title":"Natural Stibnite for Lithium-\/Sodium-Ion Batteries: Carbon Dots Evoked High Initial Coulombic Efficiency","volume":"14","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026091612073195400_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202401167","article-title":"Research Progress on the Pitch-Based Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2020.07.002","article-title":"The Recent Progress of Pitch-Based Carbon Anodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"55","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.04.113","article-title":"Graphene-Doped Silicon-Carbon Materials with Multi-Interface Structures for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes","volume":"667","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.74634","article-title":"High Softening Point Isotropic Coating Pitch Prepared by Oxidative Co-Polymerization for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Graphite Anodes","volume":"36","author":"Yue","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2015.07.030","article-title":"Coating of Graphite Anode with Coal Tar Pitch as an Effective Precursor for Enhancing the Rate Performance in Li-Ion Batteries: Effects of Composition and Softening Points of Coal Tar Pitch","volume":"94","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026091612073195400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1007\/s11814-019-0354-3","article-title":"Effect of Petroleum Pitch Coating on Electrochemical Performance of Graphite as Anode Materials","volume":"36","author":"Jo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Korean J. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026091612073195400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2022.09.050","article-title":"Achieving High-Capacity and Long-Life K+ Storage Enabled by Constructing Yolk-Shell Sb2S3@N, S-Doped Carbon Nanorod Anodes","volume":"76","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026091612073195400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10953","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b05653","article-title":"Enhancing Sodium Ion Battery Performance by Strongly Binding Nanostructured Sb2S3 on Sulfur-Doped Graphene Sheets","volume":"10","author":"Xiong","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091612073195400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ra00379h","article-title":"Room-Temperature Synthesis from Molecular Precursors and Photocatalytic Activities of Ultralong Sb2S3 Nanowires","volume":"1","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026091612073195400_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202304431","article-title":"Modulating Internal Coordination Configurations for High-Density Atomic Antimony toward Advanced Fast-Charging Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026091612073195400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30431","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c07616","article-title":"High Sulfur-Doped Hard Carbon with Advanced Potassium Storage Capacity via a Molten Salt Method","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces."},{"issue":"52","key":"2026091612073195400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202005417","article-title":"In Situ Atomic-Scale Observation of Reversible Potassium Storage in Sb2S3@Carbon Nanowire Anodes","volume":"30","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026091612073195400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201910599","article-title":"Interfacial Bonding of Metal-Sulfides with Double Carbon for Improving Reversibility of Advanced Alkali-Ion Batteries","volume":"30","author":"Ge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091612073195400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4188","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.6c00159","article-title":"Boosting Sodium-Ion Storage Performance of Sb Nanocrystals by Encapsulating Them in the Walls of Hollow Carbon Fibers and Controllable Presodiation","volume":"9","author":"Zhao","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"2026091612073195400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7180","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.4c00842","article-title":"Presodiation Architected Robust Surface Enables Packaging Optimal Performance of Sodium-Ion Batteries","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Lett."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c10486","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/35\/47651\/67625784\/am-2026-10486z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/35\/47651\/67625784\/am-2026-10486z.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:49:46Z","timestamp":1789577386000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/35\/47651\/5351298\/Sodium-Ion-Storage-of-Antimony-Sulfide-Enabled-by"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"35","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c10486","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]}}}