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Here, a spiral-interlocking microneedle electrode (SI-MNE) is presented for long-term in planta glucose monitoring through mechanically persistent tissue anchoring and minimally invasive biointerfacing. Unlike conventional conical or array-type microneedles that suffer from limited interfacial stability and motion-induced signal fluctuations, the SI-MNE employs a helical geometry that enables rotation-assisted insertion and 3D interlocking within plant tissue, thereby substantially enhancing mechanical retention. Cyclic-voltammetry-derived interfacial capacitance progressively increased during rotational insertion and reached a maximum under full-locking conditions, indicating enhanced electrochemical contact formation. Mechanical testing demonstrated approximately 10-fold higher pull-out resistance compared with conventional conical microneedles, while optical coherence tomography directly visualized stable insertion of the spiral architecture within plant tissue. To establish electrochemical glucose sensing functionality, a multilayer sensing interface consisting of a conductive carbon layer, PEDOT:PSS\/Pt nanoparticle catalytic layer, and chitosan\/glucose oxidase enzymatic layer was conformally integrated onto the spiral surface. The SI-MNE exhibited concentration-dependent amperometric glucose responses across 1\u2212100 mM with a sensitivity of 350.3 nA\/mM and high selectivity against representative plant sap interferents. The device further demonstrated stable operational reproducibility during continuous measurements and prolonged storage conditions. Using a three-electrode SI-MNE configuration, continuous glucose monitoring in living tomato plants successfully captured reproducible diurnal glucose fluctuations under natural light\u2212dark cycles for 7 consecutive days without observable signal degradation or severe tissue damage. The proposed SI-MNE establishes a mechanically robust and electrochemically reliable biointerface for continuous metabolic monitoring in plants and provides a broadly applicable strategy for long-term in situ plant biosensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c10560","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:02:01Z","timestamp":1790154121000},"page":"53922-53934","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Spiral-Interlocking Microneedle Enabling Long-Term in Planta Glucose Monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5646-2077","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chuljin","family":"Hwang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha University , , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 22212"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju Hyeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha University , , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 22212"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hang Chan","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha University , , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 22212"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4200-5670","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dae Yu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inha University , , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 22212"]},{"name":"Inha University , , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 22212"]},{"name":"Inha University , , ,","place":["Incheon, Republic of Korea, 22212"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026100915075392300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-025-01268-y","article-title":"A Food System Transformation Pathway Reconciles 1.5 \u00b0C Global Warming with Improved Health, Environment and Social Inclusion","volume":"6","author":"Bodirsky","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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International Year of Plant Health 2020 | FAO | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, https:\/\/www.fao.org\/plant-health-2020\/home\/en\/ (accessed 2025-12-24)."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026100915075392300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066428","article-title":"Yield Trends Are Insufficient to Double Global Crop Production by 2050","volume":"8","author":"Ray","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026100915075392300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00322-9","article-title":"A Meta-Analysis of Projected Global Food Demand and Population at Risk of Hunger for the Period 2010\u22122050","volume":"2","author":"van Dijk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. 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