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Here, we leverage the intrinsic microstructural features of additively manufactured 316L stainless steel to generate dense microneedle arrays, further decorated with nanostructures to enhance wetting resistance and enable sustained coalescence-induced droplet jumping. The engineered surface maintains stable droplet removal under pure vapor conditions, achieving a 2.5\u20133.7 X enhancement in heat transfer coefficient compared to filmwise condensation, across a subcooling range of 4.1 to 11.3 K. Notably, strong resistance to wetting transitions is observed across a wide range of supersaturation conditions during a continuous 20 h test. In addition, frosting is significantly delayed by suppressing ice nucleation and propagation, retaining approximately 60% frost-free area after 180 min at \u201310 \u00b0C and 50% frost-free area after 100 min at \u201313 \u00b0C whereas the untreated surface is fully covered by frost within the first 10 to 30 min. This work establishes a scalable strategy for stabilizing non-wetting condensation on stainless steel, enabling improved thermal performance and expanding the application space of additively manufactured metals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c10570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:44:39Z","timestamp":1788320679000},"page":"48382-48395","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scalable Hierarchical Structuring Enables Robust Non-Wetting Condensation and Anti-Frosting on Stainless Steel"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9941-8012","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huanyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , , 50 Nanyang Avenue , ,","place":["Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 639798"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , , 50 Nanyang Avenue , ,","place":["Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 639798"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leymus Yong Xiang","family":"Lum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , , 50 Nanyang Avenue , ,","place":["Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 639798"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyang","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , , 50 Nanyang Avenue , ,","place":["Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 639798"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5475-6637","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jin Yao","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , , 50 Nanyang Avenue , ,","place":["Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 639798"]},{"name":"Nanyang Technological University , , 50 Nanyang Avenue , ,","place":["Singapore, Republic of Singapore, 639798"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092209084128100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.003","article-title":"Enhancements in Domestic Refrigeration, Approaching a Sustainable Refrigerator \u2013 A Review","volume":"51","author":"Belman-Flores","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev."},{"key":"2026092209084128100_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2020.110342","article-title":"Modeling and Experimental Investigation on Comprehensive Performance of Perforated Wavy Fins for Heat Pump Type Air Conditioners at Frosting and Non-Frosting Conditions","volume":"225","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energ. 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