{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:49:35Z","timestamp":1791391775688,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RR200025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RR200025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM155365"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM155365"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) enables the examination of biological samples at the nanoscale. DNA-based points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) is a flexible SMLM-based approach with a broad capability for multiplexing. However, low signal-to-background ratio and the solution exchange process present challenges for three-dimensional (3D) multitarget DNA-PAINT imaging. In this work, we present DNA-PAINT in microfluidics for enhanced 3D imaging under simple wide-field epi-illumination. We show that imaging in a microfluidic chip reduces background fluorescence and demonstrate flow-associated improvements in number of localizations and signal photon counts. To provide a perspective on the mechanisms underlying the flow-associated enhancements, we perform numerical simulations to model mass transport, binding kinetics, and photobleaching in DNA-PAINT imaging with microfluidics. Finally, we demonstrate microfluidics-enhanced three-target multiplexed DNA-PAINT imaging, revealing 3D architecture and spatial relationships between cellular targets. Microfluidics-enhanced DNA-PAINT is built on commercially available components with minimal instrumentation, is compatible with standard wide-field illumination strategies, and can be implemented in a broadly accessible manner, facilitating improved nanoscale studies across a wide range of biological and biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c11511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T15:02:31Z","timestamp":1790434951000},"page":"53149-53160","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microfluidics-Enhanced 3D DNA-Based Points Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7919-6408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Siyang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahima","family":"Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Gagliano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiteng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6770-7877","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Prakash","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0980-1168","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anna-Karin","family":"Gustavsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"Rice University , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77005"]},{"name":"University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , , , ,","place":["Houston, Texas, United States, 77030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100711085749200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18911","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609643104","article-title":"Wide-field subdiffraction imaging by accumulated binding of diffusing probes","volume":"103","author":"Sharonov","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. 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