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In this work, we developed a BNN-based modeling pipeline to map GelMA hydrogels with various cross-linking parameters toward linear viscoelastic moduli and nonlinear critical stress, thereby categorizing all tested formulations into low\/intermediate\/high stable mechanical windows. Calibration on C2C12 myoblast morphologies confirmed that nonlinear critical stress complements linear rheological parameters to refine the screening priority of cell-compatible hydrogel recipes. Subsequent validation with primary cardiomyocytes demonstrated consistent morphological trends matching the predefined mechanical windows, alongside ambiguous boundary formulations. Our findings construct a bounded prioritization strategy to rapidly select GelMA compositions under sparse experimental conditions, with further prospective validations demanded before generalized predictive use for diverse tissue engineering scenarios.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c11606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T07:25:53Z","timestamp":1784618753000},"page":"40536-40553","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Model-Assisted\nPrioritization of Gelatin Methacryloyl\n(GelMA) Hydrogel Formulations for Three-Dimensional Cell Culture"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Peisong","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]},{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruijun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2570-2837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yaobin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]},{"name":"Southern Medical University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510515"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080612062838900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.08.045","article-title":"Synthesis,\nproperties, and biomedical applications\nof gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels","volume":"73","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"21","key":"2026080612062838900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.03.064","article-title":"Cell-laden\nmicroengineered gelatin methacrylate hydrogels","volume":"31","author":"Nichol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026080612062838900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SM02187A","article-title":"Tailoring\nthe mechanical properties of gelatin\nmethacryloyl hydrogels through manipulation of the photocrosslinking\nconditions","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026080612062838900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00583-1","article-title":"Cell\u2013extracellular matrix\nmechanotransduction in 3D","volume":"24","author":"Saraswathibhatla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. 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