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To tackle this issue, we present the development of xanthate-modified cellulose nanofibrils (XCNF), which incorporate surface-anchored xanthate groups that function as strong chelating sites. Comprehensive characterization through SEM, elemental analysis, ATR-FTIR, XRD, and XPS validates the successful covalent grafting, significantly enhancing both surface charge density and active site availability. XCNF with a degree of substitution (DS) of 0.16 achieves an impressive Cu(II) adsorption capacity of 738.47 \u00b1 19.35 mg\/g. The adsorption kinetics conform to a pseudo-second-order model, and the Freundlich isotherm suggests multilayer and heterogeneous adsorption. In selective adsorption experiments with multiple coexisting heavy metal ions, XCNF achieved removal efficiencies of 50\u201365% for each individual ion. By contrast, in the treatment of real high-concentration industrial wastewater under optimized conditions, the Cu(II) removal efficiency reached 99.53%. The material retains over 71% of its initial capacity after ten adsorption cycles and effectively reduces the Cu(II) concentration in high-concentration industrial wastewater. This study offers a selective, reusable, and efficient approach that addresses a critical gap in cellulose-based adsorbents for the remediation of complex wastewater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c11753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T19:02:09Z","timestamp":1786388529000},"page":"44067-44079","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Xanthate-Modified Cellulose Nanofibrils for Efficient Heavy Metal Capture from Wastewater"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Pinhong","family":"chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilong","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1840-9237","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhouyang","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7493-3573","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Haisong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081905141878300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120276","article-title":"Eco-friendly fabrication of a cost-effective cellulose nanofiber-based aerogel for multifunctional applications in Cu(II) and organic pollutants removal","volume":"255","author":"Ji","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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