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Here, we engineer a stable, high-density positive charge on a PA membrane via a controlled \u201cgraft-from\u201d strategy. A designed trithiocarbonate (TTC) moiety is first anchored covalently into the PA network as an immobilized reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agent. Photoinduced RAFT polymerization then grafts a quaternary ammonium polymer from these sites. The resulting cationic membrane maintains a stable positive potential (pH 3\u201310), a pure water permeance of 15.8 L m\u20132 h\u20131 bar\u20131, and &amp;gt;90% rejection of divalent cations. It achieves high Li+\/Mg2+ separation factors (19.2\u201324.8) under simulated brine conditions (Li+\/Mg2+ mass ratio 1:5 to 1:100) with stable 7 days of operation. This work provides a precise \u201cgraft-from\u201d platform for fabricating charge-engineered NF membranes, demonstrating great potential for selective ion separation in lithium extraction from complex brines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c11827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:01:31Z","timestamp":1790107291000},"page":"53935-53944","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Constructing Cationic Polyamide Membranes by Surface-Initiated Grafting for Precise Lithium Extraction from Salt Lake Brines"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Panpan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiancheng","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunjia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-5812","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Luke","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chang\u2019an University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710064"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026100915072971200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3160","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47083-0","article-title":"Precision ion separation via self-assembled channels","volume":"15","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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