{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:59:31Z","timestamp":1790758771838,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789603200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025ZYGXZR029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025ZYGXZR029"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52375426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52375426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U25A20309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25A20309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023B1515020036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1515020036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017610","name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CJGJZD20230724093600001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CJGJZD20230724093600001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017610","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are inherently suitable for stretchable devices owing to their mechanical flexibility and outstanding optoelectronic properties, yet their practical application remains hindered by the lack of encapsulation materials that simultaneously provide high stretchability and effective protection against moisture and oxygen. Herein, we report a stretchable densified microscale liquid metal\u2013polydimethylsiloxane (\u03bcLM\u2013PDMS) encapsulation layer through an integrated ultrasonic dispersion and centrifugal densification (IUCDC) strategy. Through ethanol-assisted ultrasonication, monodisperse \u03bcLM particles are generated. The abundant surface hydroxyl groups on \u03bcLM particles promote the formation of interfacial Si\u2013O\u2013Ga covalent bonds, enabling robust integration between \u03bcLM and PDMS matrix, thereby effectively suppressing interfacial delamination under cyclic deformation. Subsequent centrifugal densification induces the formation of a compact \u03bcLM barrier network within the PDMS matrix. The resulting \u03bcLM\u2212PDMS encapsulation layer exhibits excellent mechanical stretchability with substantially enhanced water and oxygen barrier performance, with the water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate reduced to 1.28 and 0.3% of pristine PDMS, respectively. The encapsulation layer extends the PeLED operational lifetime (T50) by 614% under ambient atmosphere. This work provides an effective strategy for developing stretchable hermetic encapsulation materials for durable perovskite optoelectronic devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c12371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T20:02:09Z","timestamp":1789675329000},"page":"52752-52760","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stretchable Liquid-Metal PDMS Encapsulation with Enhanced Water\/Oxygen Barrier Properties for Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyi","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7745-2783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zongtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]},{"name":"Foshan Nationstar Optoelectronics Company Ltd. , , ,","place":["Foshan, China, 528000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4486-0005","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]},{"name":"Foshan Nationstar Optoelectronics Company Ltd. , , ,","place":["Foshan, China, 528000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2026093002080034500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-022-00502-4","article-title":"Light-Emitting Materials for Wearable Electronics","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080034500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00548","article-title":"Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics","volume":"124","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093002080034500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-023-00287-8","article-title":"Intrinsically Stretchable Light-Emitting Drawing Displays","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"n\/a","key":"2026093002080034500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/flm2.70095","article-title":"Structural Design and 3D Printing of Flexible Integrated Electronic Systems","volume":"n\/a","author":"Gong","year":"2026","journal-title":"FlexMat"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093002080034500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/ae5004","article-title":"Stretchable Neuromorphic Electronics for Future Human-Integrated Intelligence","volume":"8","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Extreme Manuf."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093002080034500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-7990\/ae05d6","article-title":"A Stretchable Liquid Metal Switch for Interactive and Autonomous Soft Machines","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Extreme Manuf."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093002080034500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-022-00745-7","article-title":"Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"5","author":"Fakharuddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Electron."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080034500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.549625","article-title":"Improving the Light Extraction Efficiency of White-Light Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Quantum Dot Nanowires","volume":"50","author":"Deng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Opt. Lett."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026093002080034500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201844","article-title":"Perovskite-Gallium Nitride Tandem Light-Emitting Diodes with Improved Luminance and Color Tunability","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093002080034500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-025-00408-5","article-title":"Flexible Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Recent Progress, Applications and Challenges","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"npj Flexible Electronics"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093002080034500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4943638","article-title":"Degradation Mechanism of CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Materials upon Exposure to Humid Air","volume":"119","author":"Shirayama","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026093002080034500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202205217","article-title":"Stability of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes: Existing Issues and Mitigation Strategies Related to Both Material and Device Aspects","volume":"34","author":"Kong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026093002080034500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7159","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TC04798E","article-title":"Intrinsic Stability of Perovskite Materials and Their Operational Stability in Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"11","author":"Kumawat","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080034500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1002\/flm2.33","article-title":"Bioinspired Ultrathin Photonic Color Convertors for Highly Efficient Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"1","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"FlexMat"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080034500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b15989","article-title":"Water-Resistant Efficient Stretchable Perovskite-Embedded Fiber Membranes for Light-Emitting Diodes","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026093002080034500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2025.08.029","article-title":"Mold-Integrated in Situ Fabrication of Mini-LED Freeform Lenses Utilizing the Deformable Thin Film","volume":"152","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"2026093002080034500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29817","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.531039","article-title":"Improving Color Uniformity and the Ambient Contrast Ratio of LEDs through the Scattering-Enhanced Magnetic Manipulation Bilayered Structure","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080034500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0488(20000201)38:3&lt;415::AID-POLB8&gt;3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Gas Sorption, Diffusion, and Permeation in Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)","volume":"38","author":"Merkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093002080034500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/s41528-026-00545-5","article-title":"Materials, Processing, and Structural Strategies for Encapsulation in Stretchable and Flexible Optoelectronics","volume":"10","author":"Yoo","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Flex. Electron."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026093002080034500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b01161","article-title":"Reduced Water Vapor Transmission Rate of Graphene Gas Barrier Films for Flexible Organic Field-Effect Transistors","volume":"9","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"45","key":"2026093002080034500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12865","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.7b02915","article-title":"Graphene as Barrier to Prevent Volume Increment of Air Bubbles over Silicone Polymer in Aqueous Environment","volume":"33","author":"Bartali","year":"2017","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"46","key":"2026093002080034500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/app.49522","article-title":"PBAT\/Hybrid Nanofillers Composites\u2014Part 1: Oxygen and Water Vapor Permeabilities, UV Barrier and Mechanical Properties","volume":"137","author":"Calderaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093002080034500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/15980316.2019.1688694","article-title":"A Review of Highly Reliable Flexible Encapsulation Technologies towards Rollable and Foldable OLEDs","volume":"21","author":"Jeong","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Inf. Disp."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026093002080034500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5461","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b01855","article-title":"Ultra Gas-Proof Polymer Hybrid Thin Layer","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026093002080034500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1002\/app.26863","article-title":"Moisture Permeability through Multilayered Barrier Films as Applied to Flexible OLED Display","volume":"106","author":"Greener","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026093002080034500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-013-7698-6","article-title":"Intumescent Flame Retardant Polyurethane\/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composites with Improved Mechanical, Thermal, and Barrier Properties","volume":"49","author":"Gavgani","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"6631","key":"2026093002080034500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade7341","article-title":"Liquid Metal-Based Soft, Hermetic, and Wireless-Communicable Seals for Stretchable Systems","volume":"379","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093002080034500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0084-7","article-title":"An Autonomously Electrically Self-Healing Liquid Metal\u2212Elastomer Composite for Robust Soft-Matter Robotics and Electronics","volume":"17","author":"Markvicka","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026093002080034500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200701216","article-title":"Eutectic Gallium-Indium (EGaIn): A Liquid Metal Alloy for the Formation of Stable Structures in Microchannels at Room Temperature","volume":"18","author":"Dickey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026093002080034500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4073","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CS00043J","article-title":"Liquid Metals: Fundamentals and Applications in Chemistry","volume":"47","author":"Daeneke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026093002080034500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201800110","article-title":"Smart Passivation Materials with a Liquid Metal Microcapsule as Self-Healing Conductors for Sustainable and Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells","volume":"28","author":"Chu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080034500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00489","article-title":"Harnessing the Rheological Properties of Liquid Metals To Shape Soft Electronic Conductors for Wearable Applications","volume":"52","author":"Hirsch","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093002080034500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30040905","article-title":"Liquid Metal\u2212Polymer Hydrogel Composites for Sustainable Electronics: A Review","volume":"30","author":"Hajalilou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"41","key":"2026093002080034500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202306453","article-title":"Gallium-Based Liquid\u2212Solid Biphasic Conductors for Soft Electronics","volume":"33","author":"Reis Carneiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026093002080034500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100024","article-title":"Interfacial Tension Modulation of Liquid Metal via Electrochemical Oxidation","volume":"3","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst."},{"issue":"25","key":"2026093002080034500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202518254","article-title":"Hybrid Liquid Metal Cathode Enables High-Performance Intrinsically Stretchable OLEDs","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026093002080034500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1039\/C9CY02603G","article-title":"The Competition between Dehydrogenation and Dehydration Reactions for Primary and Secondary Alcohols over Gallia: Unravelling the Effects of Molecular and Electronic Structure via a Two-Pronged Theoretical\/Experimental Approach","volume":"10","author":"Izzo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026093002080034500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4913","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c16623","article-title":"Dynamic-Wetting Liquid Metal Thin Layer Induced via Surface Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026093002080034500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400284","article-title":"Functional Liquid Metal Polymeric Composites: Fundamentals and Applications in Soft Wearable Electronics","volume":"34","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026093002080034500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.3390\/mi15121467","article-title":"Optimizing Stretchability and Electrical Stability in Bilayer-Structured Flexible Liquid Metal Composite Electrodes","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Micromachines"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026093002080034500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202308862","article-title":"Printable Liquid Metal Foams That Grow When Watered","volume":"36","author":"Krisnadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c12371","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/38\/52752\/68546500\/am-2026-123715.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/38\/52752\/68546500\/am-2026-123715.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:14:17Z","timestamp":1790756057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/38\/52752\/5432147\/Stretchable-Liquid-Metal-PDMS-Encapsulation-with"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"38","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c12371","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]]}}}