{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T16:26:30Z","timestamp":1788452790191,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002551","name":"Seoul National University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0525-20250123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0525-20250123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002551","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-24092970"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-24092970"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2026-25477977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2026-25477977"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2025-02218649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2025-02218649"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Multimaterial additive manufacturing of edible, food-grade soft materials offers a route to spatially organize protein- and lipid-rich domains in structured meat analogues, but it requires rheological compatibility between compositionally distinct inks to maintain stable extrusion, programmable switching, and spatial fidelity. Protein ink and fat-emulsion ink represent a particularly demanding materials pair because they combine a hydrated protein-rich network with an oil-in-water emulsion, resulting in different yielding, recovery, and thermal responses during printing and postprocessing. Here, we introduce rheological synchronization of protein and fat-emulsion inks as a materials design strategy for high-throughput multimaterial three-dimensional (3D) printing of heterogeneous edible soft composites. A xanthan-gum-tuned soy protein ink and a protein-stabilized fat-emulsion ink were formulated to exhibit shear-thinning behavior, synchronized yielding, and rapid post-shear recovery. Microbial transglutaminase-containing formulations further improved structural stability during mild thermal post-curing. When integrated with a parallel Y-junction printing platform, the synchronized inks supported geometrically consistent filament formation across eight nozzles and programmable millimeter-scale switching with limited interfacial blurring. Parallelization increased nominal mass throughput from 0.22 g min\u22121 in the single-channel configuration to 1.77 g min\u22121 in the eight-channel configuration, and a 91.2 cm3 whole-cut-inspired heterogeneous construct was fabricated with an active extrusion time of 20 min. The printed edible composites achieved 87.0% fidelity to the digital design and 80.3% protein-domain fidelity to a pork-belly-derived morphological reference, while digitally programmed protein-to-fat-emulsion ratios enabled composition-dependent textural tuning. These results establish rheological synchronization of protein and fat-emulsion inks as a design principle for scalable multimaterial additive manufacturing of structured edible soft materials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c12733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T09:19:26Z","timestamp":1787563166000},"page":"46830-46846","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rheologically Synchronized Protein and Fat-Emulsion Inks for High-Throughput Multimaterial Printing of Edible Soft Composites"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Seung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Su","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahyeon","family":"Tae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2425-6066","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiheon","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghyeok","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wooseok","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanghee","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minseo","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong-Ro","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0559-4840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sangbae","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6957-6428","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sungchul","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]},{"name":"Seoul National University , , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , ,","place":["Seoul, Republic of Korea, 08826"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"28","key":"2026090311175678100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202108855","article-title":"Direct Ink Writing: A 3D Printing Technology for Diverse Materials","volume":"34","author":"Saadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. 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