{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T14:33:51Z","timestamp":1793025231919,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019082","name":"Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAST2022-047"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAST2022-047"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019082","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Traditional metal heat sinks are limited by moderate thermal conductivity, high density, and poor flexibility, which restrict their use in compact and lightweight electronics. Graphene films offer high in-plane thermal conductivity, but rapid reduction of graphene oxide (GO) releases gases from oxygen-containing groups and can generate pores, interlayer damage, and poor film densification. Here, we report a precursor-design strategy that combines reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (GNs) with carboxylated cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). The composite films (GO\/GNs-X) were prepared by blade coating, hot-press carbonization, and secondary Joule-heating graphitization. The combined precursor was designed to mitigate gas-release-induced damage and support carbon-network reconstruction during high-temperature treatment. The optimized GF, with a thickness of approximately 25 \u03bcm, reached an in-plane thermal conductivity of 950.5 \u00b1 20 W m\u20131 K\u20131 and an electrical conductivity of 2.31 \u00d7 105 S m\u20131. At a comparable thickness, this thermal conductivity was 26.6% higher than that of an additive-free RGO-2600-ref film prepared without GNs\/CNF modification. In LED heat-dissipation tests, the surface-centre temperature decreased from 83.7 to 40.4 \u00b0C. Because individual-additive controls were not included, the respective contributions of GNs and CNF could not be separated. These results establish combined precursor modification as a route to thin, lightweight graphene heat spreaders. Such films may be useful for thermal management in compact electronics, foldable devices, and aerospace systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c12867","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:01:41Z","timestamp":1791820901000},"page":"56299-56308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid Joule-Heating Preparation of GO\/GNs Graphene-Based Composite Films for Thermal Management"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0642-2469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ning","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, PR China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyin","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering , ,","place":["Beijing, PR China, 100086"]},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Thermal Control , ,","place":["Beijing, PR China, 100086"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, PR China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, PR China, 510641"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology-Zhuhai Institute of Modern Industrial Innovation , ,","place":["Zhuhai, PR China, 519000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2022.100700","article-title":"Thermoelectric coolers for on-chip thermal management: Materials, design, and optimization","volume":"151","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., R: Rep."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2024.11.083","article-title":"Comparison of the effect of conventional and microwave sintering on structural and dielectric properties of AlN - CaZrO3 and Y2O3 composite ceramics","volume":"51","author":"Radhika","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2018.01.006","article-title":"Two-Dimensional Materials for Thermal Management Applications","volume":"2","author":"Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Joule"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112680","article-title":"Study of using enhanced heat-transfer flexible phase change material film in thermal management of compact electronic device","volume":"210","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c08149","article-title":"Flexible and Thermally Conductive Phase-Change Films with a Two-Level Network for Dual-Mode Thermal Management of Batteries","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAPT.2005.843219","article-title":"On-chip solid-state cooling for integrated circuits using thin-film microrefrigerators","volume":"28","author":"Shakouri","year":"2005","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Technol."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.08.037","article-title":"A Review on efficient thermal management of air- and liquid-cooled data centers: From chip to the cooling system","volume":"205","author":"Khalaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2025.08.222","article-title":"Defect evolution and structural transformation in graphene oxide during hydrogen assisted thermal annealing","volume":"51","author":"Saxena","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20090","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.4c02312","article-title":"Thermally Conductive Polydimethylsiloxane-Based Composite with a Three-Dimensional Vertically Aligned Thermal Network Incorporating Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanosheets and Nanodiamonds","volume":"40","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43655","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c09314","article-title":"Malleable, Self-Healing, and Highly Thermally Conductive Interface Material Enabled by Interfacial Networks for Thermal Management","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpcs.2017.07.014","article-title":"Effect of gallium doping on electromagnetic properties of barium hexaferrite","volume":"111","author":"Trukhanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Solids"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1021\/accountsmr.4c00404","article-title":"Block Copolymer Based Porous Carbon Fiber\u2013Synthesis, Processing, and Applications","volume":"6","author":"Zia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acc. Mater. Res."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2023.04.225","article-title":"Anisotropic graphene films with improved thermal conductivity and flexibility for efficient thermal management","volume":"49","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S1872-5805(21)60092-6","article-title":"A review of graphene-based films for heat dissipation","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"New Carbon Mater."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2024.129928","article-title":"Graphene oxide-assisted dispersion and assembly of photocatalytic self-cleaning MOF membrane for enhanced water purification","volume":"356","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2024.122744","article-title":"Spiropyran molecular aggregates implanted photo-responsive graphene oxide membrane with self-cleaning ability for enhanced water purification","volume":"702","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.167050","article-title":"Stable molecular-bridged graphene oxide membrane with bioinspired hydrophilic water inlets for ultrafast molecular separation","volume":"521","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18739","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b03885","article-title":"Multifunctional Thermal Management Materials with Excellent Heat Dissipation and Generation Capability for Future Electronics","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202400110","article-title":"Bidirectionally High-Thermally Conductive and Environmentally Adaptive Graphene Thick Films Enabled by Seamless Bonding Assembly for Extreme Thermal Management","volume":"34","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201801057","article-title":"Toward the Application of High Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Absorption by Carbon Nanostructures","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33033","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c05186","article-title":"Polyethylene Glycol\u2013Calcium Chloride Phase Change Materials with High Thermal Conductivity and Excellent Shape Stability by Introducing Three-Dimensional Carbon\/Carbon Fiber Felt","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.10.009","article-title":"Laser-induced graphene structures: From synthesis and applications to future prospects","volume":"70","author":"Avinash","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mater. Today"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.09.021","article-title":"Rapid roll-to-roll production of graphene films using intensive Joule heating","volume":"155","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-024-09451-5","article-title":"Rapid preparation of high thermal conductivity reduced graphene oxide films: interpolated benzene-assisted defect repair","volume":"59","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59015","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c10163","article-title":"Preparation of High Thermal Conductivity Graphene Films by Rapid Reduction with Low Energy Consumption","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2020.02.014","article-title":"Highly Ordered and Dense Thermally Conductive Graphitic Films from a Graphene Oxide\/Reduced Graphene Oxide Mixture","volume":"2","author":"Akbari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8855","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-018-2112-z","article-title":"Graphene\/PANI hybrid film with enhanced thermal conductivity by in situ polymerization","volume":"53","author":"Miao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10061077","article-title":"The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2D nanostructured Au\/NiFe system","volume":"10","author":"Zubar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1365601","article-title":"Effect of oxygen content on magnetization and magnetoresistance properties of CMR manganites","volume":"27","author":"Trukhanov","year":"2001","journal-title":"Low Temp. Phys."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3737","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c11180","article-title":"Rational Design of Ti3C2Tx MXene Inks for Conductive, Transparent Films","volume":"17","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33699","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c03579","article-title":"Graphene-Based Electrospun Fibrous Materials with Enhanced EMI Shielding: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives","volume":"7","author":"Orasugh","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2025.120081","article-title":"High thermal conductivity graphene-based interfacial materials through oriented assembly and catalytic graphitization for thermal management","volume":"235","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/19\/26\/266214","article-title":"Phase separation and size effects in Pr0.70Ba0.30MnO3+\u03b4 perovskite manganites","volume":"19","author":"Trukhanov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Condens. Matter"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15595","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c06328","article-title":"Flash Graphene from Plastic Waste","volume":"14","author":"Algozeeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-019-03406-x","article-title":"Highly thermally conductive graphene film produced using glucose under low-temperature thermal annealing","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NA00506A","article-title":"Tuning oxygen-containing functional groups of graphene for supercapacitors with high stability","volume":"5","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nanoscale Adv."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SC03695K","article-title":"Efficient room-temperature production of high-quality graphene by introducing removable oxygen functional groups to the precursor","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2019.05.007","article-title":"Structure evolution mechanism of highly ordered graphite during carbonization of cellulose nanocrystals","volume":"150","author":"Eom","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.04.090","article-title":"Polyacrylonitrile-derived thermally conductive graphite film via graphene template effect","volume":"180","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"2026102609064370700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7282","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b03888","article-title":"Carbon Welding by Ultrafast Joule Heating","volume":"16","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Lett."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c12867","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/41\/56299\/68823799\/am-2026-128675.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/41\/56299\/68823799\/am-2026-128675.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T13:49:32Z","timestamp":1793022572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/41\/56299\/5449219\/Rapid-Joule-Heating-Preparation-of-GO-GNs-Graphene"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c12867","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]}}}