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However, the simultaneous realization of large-area electrode fabrication, high electrochromic performance, and superior energy storage remains a key challenge for PANI-based electrochromic windows. Herein, we report a scalable and facile approach to fabricate a PANI\/carbon nanotube (CNT)\/PANI composite film on transparent conductive glass through combination of chemical oxidation polymerization and spray coating. The introduction of a CNT interlayer, low-temperature polymerization of PANI, and dual-cathode design collectively endows the hybrid structure with enhanced electrical conductivity, accelerated ion diffusion, and increased active sites. The resulting Zn-ion electrochromic device delivers a high optical modulation of 82.3% at 650 nm, a low coloration transmittance of 5.4%, fast switching speeds (coloration\/bleaching time: 5.8 s\/4.6 s), and a neutral tint in the colored state. Notably, the device also exhibits attractive energy storage performance with a specific capacitance of 45.6 mF cm\u20132 and an energy density of 12.4 \u03bcWh cm\u20132. Under simulated solar irradiation, the electrochromic window achieves an optical power modulation of 67.3% and enables a temperature regulation of 6.6 \u00b0C by switching between transparent and colored states. As a proof of concept, a large-area prototype (10 \u00d7 10 cm2) demonstrating uniform color change and good adhesive stability is presented. This work provides a scalable and effective route toward high-performance, conducting polymer-based electrochromic windows for intelligent thermal management and on-site energy recovery, contributing to sustainable energy utilization and building energy efficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c13404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:02:07Z","timestamp":1790870527000},"page":"54846-54859","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large-Area Polyaniline\/Carbon Nanotube Composite Film for the Zn-Ion Electrochromic Window toward Energy-Sustainable Buildings"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keming","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-8114","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chenguang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]},{"name":"Tianjin University of Technology, Ministry of Education , , ,","place":["Tianjin, PR China, 300384"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026101406081681400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-67271-w","article-title":"Robust fast-switching black electrochromic windows based on solution-processed n-doped transparent organic conductor","volume":"17","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. 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