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Three carboxylic acid and one epoxy-functionalized latexes were synthesized through seeded semibatch emulsion polymerization using acrylic acid and glycidyl methacrylate as functional comonomers, alongside methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate as the main monomers. The resulting latexes were blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a sacrificial template polymer and electrospun into continuous nanofibers. The obtained nanofibers were thermally annealed at 80 \u00b0C to promote particle coalescence, followed by water treatment to remove the PVA, yielding homogeneous nanofibers with accessible surface functional groups. The accessibility and reactivity of the surface functional groups were demonstrated through the covalent immobilization of cutinase via NHS-ester and epoxy\u2013amine coupling reactions, yielding stable and catalytically active biocatalytic nanofibers. Carboxylic acid-functionalized nanofibers showed immobilization yields of 10\u201318% and specific activities of 100\u2013200 \u00b5mol min\u20131 mg\u20131. In contrast, epoxy-functionalized nanofibers exhibited a lower immobilization yield of approximately 5% but a substantially higher specific activity of approximately 330 \u00b5mol min\u20131 mg\u20131. This lower enzyme loading may favor a less densely packed immobilization, reducing steric constraints and improving enzyme accessibility and catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the epoxy-functionalized nanofiber mats exhibited enhanced operational and storage stability, significantly extending the lifetime of the immobilized biocatalyst. This approach provides a straightforward and environmentally friendly route to produce functional nanofibers without the use of organic solvents or post-spinning chemical modification steps, offering significant potential for applications in biosensing, biocatalysis, biomedical engineering, and environmental remediation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c13443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:01:39Z","timestamp":1792180899000},"page":"58269-58279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surface-Functionalized Nanofibers via Green Electrospinning: A Sustainable Platform for Enzyme Immobilization"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1798-1063","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mario Andres","family":"Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU , , Paseo Manuel de Lardiz\u00e1bal 3 , ,","place":["Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 20018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Guendulain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU , , Paseo Manuel de Lardiz\u00e1bal 3 , ,","place":["Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 20018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Heredero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU , , Paseo Manuel de Lardiz\u00e1bal 3 , ,","place":["Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 20018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7693-4163","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana","family":"Beloqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU , , Paseo Manuel de Lardiz\u00e1bal 3 , ,","place":["Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 20018"]},{"name":"IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Plaza Euskadi 5 , ,","place":["Bilbao, Spain, 48009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-8217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Edurne","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of the Basque Country UPV\/EHU , , Paseo Manuel de Lardiz\u00e1bal 3 , ,","place":["Donostia-San Sebasti\u00e1n, Spain, 20018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102914074390200_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-817776-1.00003-1","volume-title":"Delivery of Drugs","author":"Mwiiri","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102914074390200_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.7b00218","article-title":"Electrospun Nanofibers: New Concepts, Materials, and Applications","volume":"50","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acc. 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