{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:47:13Z","timestamp":1791838033760,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":175,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"34","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22575213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22575213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U25D9020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U25D9020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LR25E030001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LR25E030001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Achieving chronic stability in implantable bioelectronics requires more than strong initial performance. It depends on the synergistic integration of mechanical compliance, electrochemical functionality, and immunocompatibility, because failure in any dimension can lead to micromotion-induced damage, signal instability, or chronic inflammation. Here, we present a framework for engineering bioelectronic interfaces under immune surveillance by analyzing multiscale triggers of the foreign body response, including geometric intrusion, modulus mismatch, and interfacial chemistry. We evaluate representative flexible and stretchable metal-based systems that improve mechanical matching but often lack bioactive or immunomodulatory design. We then discuss conductive hydrogels as hydrated conductors that can bridge mechanical and electrochemical mismatches, while emphasizing that their host response cannot be assumed and must be engineered. Finally, we outline material-level strategies\u2014dopant selection, network architecture, and molecular functionalization\u2014and discuss remaining challenges in micro\/nanofabrication, hybrid integration, and application-oriented molecular design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c13701","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T06:01:26Z","timestamp":1787205686000},"page":"45910-45935","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Toward Long-Term Bioelectronic Interfaces: Mechanical Compliance Meets Immunocompatibility"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zihao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4241-098X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xianchi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 311202"]},{"name":"Transvascular Implantation Devices Research Institute , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yijing","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9870-4038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 311202"]},{"name":"Transvascular Implantation Devices Research Institute , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310058"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5409-7480","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310058"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University , , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 311202"]},{"name":"Transvascular Implantation Devices Research Institute , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China, 310053"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026101216071873400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-51988-1","article-title":"Ultraconformable cuff implants for long-term bidirectional interfacing of peripheral nerves at sub-nerve resolutions","volume":"15","author":"Carnicer-Lombarte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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