{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:45:46Z","timestamp":1792784746897,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791676800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province","award":["2023B0101200013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B0101200013"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2022YFA1204200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1204200"]}]},{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2022YFA1204201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1204201"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Science and Technology Department","award":["2023B1212060025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023B1212060025"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00tjzgn92","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["62301620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62301620"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)","award":["82272131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272131"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gated field-emission arrays (FEAs) based on nanowires have significant applications in vacuum microelectronic devices. Controllable integration of nanowires in microstructures is a key issue to be solved in gated FEAs. Structural design is a general strategy for stress redistribution to regulate nanowire growth. As a model system, we identify microstructure-induced stress variation as a critical factor that governs nanowire growth and emission uniformity in gated ZnO nanowire FEAs. To overcome this problem, we propose an inner-gate structure to eliminate the stress release caused by vias for optimizing the growth of ZnO nanowires. The maximum emission current density (5.53 mA\/cm2) and transconductance (2606 nS) obtained in this work are higher than those of the previously reported gated ZnO nanowire FEAs. Moreover, an anode probe is employed to measure the field-emission characteristics from a single pixel of inner-gate ZnO nanowire FEAs. The self-limiting current effect of ZnO nanowires is found to improve the pixel uniformity of the device. The addressing characteristics of the fabricated ZnO nanowire FEAs have been studied for flat-panel display applications. This work demonstrates that structure-stress engineering provides a general method for optimizing nanomaterial growth in microstructures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c13738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:01:36Z","timestamp":1791770496000},"page":"56807-56817","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Structure-Stress Engineering for Controllable Integration of ZnO Nanowires in Gated Field Emitter Arrays"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Ou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1067-1869","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guofu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhipeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-2026","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shaozhi","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-2714","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sun Yat-sen University , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China, 510275"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026102108065632500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30279-y","article-title":"Coplanar-Gate ZnO Nanowire Field Emitter Arrays with Enhanced Gate-Control Performance Using a Ring-Shaped Cathode","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. 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