{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:48:39Z","timestamp":1791920919628,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792022400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2089\/1390776260"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2089\/1390776260"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52173087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52173087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LQN26E030049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQN26E030049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inspired by the efficient light-harvesting capability of kelp with a flat structure, a piezoelectricity-enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is realized by constructing kelp-shaped hybrid electrospun membranes to improve the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. During electrospinning, the addition of LiCl to the PVDF electrospinning solution triggers an inhomogeneous distribution of charges, inducing asymmetric stretching and transforming the nanofibers into a kelp-shaped structure. After that, a photoconductive polydopamine (PDA) layer is in-situ synthesized on the nanofiber surfaces. After deposition of g-C3N4@Pt nanosheets on the kelp-shaped PVDF membranes with a PDA interlayer, a second electrospun PVDF membrane with a regular round shape is coated on top to ensure the stability of g-C3N4@Pt nanosheets. The flat cross-section of PVDF nanofibers significantly enlarges the contact area between the nanofibers and g-C3N4@Pt nanosheets. The formed hydrogen bonds strengthen the interface interaction and improve conductivity. Therefore, the piezoelectric field generated by PVDF membranes can efficiently separate the photogenerated charge carriers from g-C3N4@Pt and prolong their lifetime. The hydrogen evolution is profoundly enhanced to 17,500 \u03bcmol g\u20131 h\u20131 under water flow, 11.8 times that of g-C3N4@Pt. Thus, kelp-shaped hybrid PVDF membranes are perfect for piezoelectric-photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under water flow and solar energy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c14477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:01:57Z","timestamp":1791918117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Piezoelectricity-Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution via Switching Nanofibers to a Flat Structure and Construction of a Photoconductive Interface in Kelp-Shaped Hybrid Electrospun Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1021","author":[{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jufei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0164-9322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Weijia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-9279","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huiqing","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University , , ,","place":["Xi\u2019an, China, 710072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3524-6735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310018"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology , ,","place":["Shaoxing, China, 312000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9566-6088","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter","family":"M\u00fcller-Buschbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical University of Munich , , James-Franck-Str. 1 , ,","place":["Garching, Germany, 85748"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2069-206X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qi","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310018"]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology , ,","place":["Shaoxing, China, 312000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2025.119500","article-title":"Role of green, yellow, blue, white and gold hydrogen in fuelling the path to net zero and sustainable future-A review","volume":"326","author":"Tasleem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manag."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.143240","article-title":"Hybrid CFD\/techno-economic assessments of carbon capturing combustion system integrated with PEM electrolyzer for efficient hydrogen production","volume":"469","author":"Mohammadpour","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149760","article-title":"Sorption enhanced steam reforming of biomass-based feedstocks: towards sustainable hydrogen evolution","volume":"485","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-024-01015-0","article-title":"Unlocking the potential of solid carbon: synergistic production with hydrogen from oil and gas resources for innovative applications and a sustainable future","volume":"7","author":"Shah","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0242-6","article-title":"Reaction systems for solar hydrogen production via water splitting with particulate semiconductor photocatalysts","volume":"2","author":"Hisatomi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Catal."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.134673","article-title":"Is photocatalytic hydrogen production sustainable?-Assessing the potential environmental enhancement of photocatalytic technology against steam methane reforming and electrocatalysis","volume":"379","author":"Oh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Cleaner Prod."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5221","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.7b08100","article-title":"Significant enhancement of visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution by structure regulation of carbon nitrides","volume":"12","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-014-0434-y","article-title":"Composites of small Ag clusters confined in the channels of well-ordered mesoporous anatase TiO2 and their excellent solar-light-driven photocatalytic performance","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nano Res."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201501241","article-title":"Hydrogen evolution: CdS nanoparticle-decorated Cd nanosheets for efficient visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","volume":"6","author":"Shang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43047-4","article-title":"Sandwich-type double-layer piezoelectric nanogenerators based on one- and two-dimensional ZnO nanostructures with improved output performance","volume":"13","author":"Fakhri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2019.06.015","article-title":"Catalytic origin and universal descriptors of heteroatom-doped photocatalysts for solar fuel production","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmst.2023.02.041","article-title":"Synergistic effect of phosphorus doping and MoS2 co-catalysts on g-C3N4 photocatalysts for enhanced solar water splitting","volume":"158","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8969","DOI":"10.1039\/d1gc03322k","article-title":"A hydrogen evolution system based on hybrid nanogel films with capabilities of spontaneous moisture collection and high light harvesting","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2023.09.006","article-title":"A comparison increasing the photodegradation power of a Ag\/g-C3N4\/CoNi-LDH nanocomposite: photocatalytic activity toward water treatment","volume":"148","author":"Fazaeli","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2025.152798","article-title":"Interface-engineered carbon-coated \u03b2-C3N4\/ZnFe2O4 heterojunction as a bifunctional catalyst for high-performance Zinc-air batteries","volume":"198","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202202248","article-title":"Hybrid nanogels-based printable tattoos inspired by lady costume from Tang dynasty for monitoring solar UV radiation","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56480","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c17628","article-title":"Wearable bracelet monitoring the solar ultraviolet radiation for skin health based on hybrid IPN hydrogels","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20092","DOI":"10.1039\/d5nj03236a","article-title":"Synergistic design of a molten salt-exfoliated CuS\/C3N4 heterojunction: elucidating photogenerated charge transfer behavior and mechanism for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","volume":"49","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"New J. Chem."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5b01139","article-title":"Higher yield urea-derived polymeric graphitic carbon nitride with mesoporous structure and superior visible-light-responsive activity","volume":"3","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2021.119879","article-title":"Designing charge transfer route at the interface between WP nanoparticle and g-C3N4 for highly enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2019.08.239","article-title":"Z-scheme AgSCN\/Ag3PO4\/C3N4 heterojunction with excellent photocatalytic degradation of ibuprofen","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2020.148558","article-title":"Boron doped C3N4 nanodots\/nonmetal element (S, P, F, Br) doped C3N4 nanosheets heterojunction with synergistic effect to boost the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance","volume":"541","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.129455","article-title":"Defect engineering assisted support effect: IrO2\/N defective g-C3N4 composite as highly efficient anode catalyst in PEM water electrolysis","volume":"419","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23812","DOI":"10.1039\/d0ta07805k","article-title":"Hydrogel-supported graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets loaded with Pt atoms as a novel self-water-storage photocatalyst for H2 evolution","volume":"8","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20497","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c01287","article-title":"Boosting efficiency in piezo-photocatalysis process using poled Ba0.7Sr03TiO3 nanorod arrays for pollutant degradation and hydrogen production","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109341","article-title":"Enhancement and inhibition of photocatalytic hydrogen production by fine piezoelectric potential tuning over piezo-photocatalyst","volume":"123","author":"Jin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.162452","article-title":"The enhanced piezoelectric field induced by self-polarization promotes hydrogen evolution reaction on g-C3N4\/MoO3\/PVDF-TrFE membrane under low-speed water flow","volume":"689","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.105251","article-title":"Flexible PVDF based piezoelectric nanogenerators","volume":"78","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2025.102744","article-title":"Assembling lamellar g-C3N4 on a hydrophobic PVDF film induced spatial electric field to construct a piezotronic effect-enhanced CeO2\/g-C3N4\/PVDF hybrid flexible film photocatalyst","volume":"44","author":"Gu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9033","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5c00489","article-title":"Sandwich-like hybrid electrospun membrane-based efficient hydrogen evolution system by the push-pull double piezoelectric effect driven by water flow","volume":"41","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/ad8bcd","article-title":"Photoinduced modulation and the effect of CNT loading on field effect transistor characteristics of CNT\/ZnO\/PVDF composite","volume":"36","author":"Bisht","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mseb.2025.118854","article-title":"Effect of AgNO3\/LiCl nanohybrid on structural, optical, and electrical properties of PVDF polymer nanocomposite for electronic devices","volume":"323","author":"Rajeh","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng., B"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2017.05.009","article-title":"Enhanced dielectric properties of PVDF\/CaCu3Ti4O12: Ag composite films","volume":"196","author":"Ghosh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mater. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/polym11030550","article-title":"Electrospinning of ethylene vinyl Acetate\/carbon nanotube nanocomposite fibers","volume":"11","author":"Omastov\u00e1","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2025.124345","article-title":"Polydopamine introduced chemical bonds to generate a BiVO4\/g-C3N4-functionalized PVDF photocatalytic membrane with high stability for continuous dynamic removal of doxycycline","volume":"733","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6482","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201402608","article-title":"Polydopamine as a biomimetic electron gate for artificial photosynthesis","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.porgcoat.2025.109717","article-title":"Robustly transparent photothermal icephobic coating via facile in situ PDA polymerization and PDMS brushes grafting","volume":"210","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Prog. Org. Coat."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8820","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15248820","article-title":"Electrospun conducting polymers: approaches and applications","volume":"15","author":"Acosta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1080\/00405000.2017.1300219","article-title":"Modeling of electrospun PVDF\/LiCl nanogenerator by the energy approach method: determining piezoelectric constant","volume":"108","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Text. Inst."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14430","DOI":"10.1039\/c7ta02845h","article-title":"Blend-electrospun poly (vinylidene fluoride)\/polydopamine membranes: self-polymerization of dopamine and the excellent adsorption\/separation abilities","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15969","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66996-w","article-title":"Empowering TiO2-coated PVDF membranes stability with polyaniline and polydopamine for synergistic separation and photocatalytic enhancement in dye wastewater purification","volume":"14","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2020.123366","article-title":"Holistic investigation of the electrospinning parameters for high percentage of \u03b2-phase in PVDF nanofibers","volume":"214","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susmat.2026.e01888","article-title":"Unidirectional porous PVDF piezoelectrets fabricated via gradient ice-templating for enhanced energy harvesting performance","volume":"47","author":"Jeon","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sustainable Mater. Technol."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2018.09.051","article-title":"In-situ deposition of gold nanoparticles onto polydopamine-decorated g-C3N4 for highly efficient reduction of nitroaromatics in environmental water purification","volume":"534","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.180707","article-title":"A photocathodic corrosion protection performance of aluminum frames in solar panels using TiO2\/C3N4 heterostructure","volume":"1028","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2023.126479","article-title":"Sound insulation enhancement of PVB\/PVDF film by adding LiCl","volume":"288","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b20247","article-title":"Near bandgap excitation inhibits the interfacial electron transfer of semiconductor\/cocatalyst","volume":"12","author":"Xue","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2024.123909","article-title":"Flexible construction of heteroatom-free g-C3N4\/g-C3N4 homojunction with switching charge dynamics toward efficient photo-piezocatalytic performance","volume":"349","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Catal., B"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41806","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c06215","article-title":"Enhanced piezoelectricity of PVDF-TrFE nanofibers by intercalating with electrosprayed BaTiO3","volume":"15","author":"Mirjalali","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202300009","article-title":"Multilayered electrospun\/electrosprayed polyvinylidene fluoride plus zinc oxide nanofiber mats with enhanced piezoelectricity","volume":"308","author":"Mirjalali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"2026101315015305500_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1039\/d2ra06774a","article-title":"Future prospects and recent developments of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric polymer; fabrication methods, structure, and electro-mechanical properties","volume":"13","author":"Mohammadpourfazeli","year":"2022","journal-title":"RSC Adv."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c14477","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.6c14477\/68843413\/am-2026-14477h.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.6c14477\/68843413\/am-2026-14477h.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:12:53Z","timestamp":1791918773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/doi\/10.1021\/acsami.6c14477\/5450246\/Piezoelectricity-Enhanced-Photocatalytic-Hydrogen"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"references-count":51,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c14477","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]}}}