{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:58:06Z","timestamp":1792079886610,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"35","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52475430"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52475430"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002980","name":"Dalian University of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DUT24RC(3)040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DUT24RC(3)040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002980","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Conventional passive radiative coolers suffer from two fundamental limitations: overcooling in cold environments and drastically reduced efficiency under cloudy or rainy conditions. Here, we overcome these challenges by developing a multifunctional flexible superhydrophobic film (AFSF) that synergistically integrates radiative cooling, anti\u2011icing, and droplet\u2011based energy harvesting within a single, durable platform. Fabricated via template replication and layer-by-layer spin-coating, the film features a hierarchical micro-\/nanostructured surface that endows exceptional superhydrophobicity (water contact angle of 158 \u00b1 0.7\u00b0, sliding angle of 8 \u00b1 0.3\u00b0) without the need for fluorination. By incorporating 5.88 wt % TiO2 nanoparticles into the intermediate layer, the film achieves a visible reflectance of approximately 70% and a substantial cooling of 14.88 \u00b0C relative to the control under simulated solar irradiation (1100 W\u00b7m\u20132). Unlike conventional radiative coolers that suffer from overcooling in cold environments, the AFSF markedly delays ice formation, with a freezing time of 242 s at \u201320 \u00b0C (3.97 times longer than that on bare aluminum) and remains ice\u2011free after 20 min of continuous supercooled droplet impact. Furthermore, the film functions as a triboelectric layer for raindrop energy harvesting, delivering stable electrical output for over 100 s under periodic droplet impingement at 1.8 Hz. The AFSF also exhibits robust mechanical durability (contact angle &amp;gt; 150\u00b0 after 24 m sandpaper abrasion) and UV aging resistance (180 min at 15 mW\u00b7cm\u20132, equivalent to 6000 UVI). This work successfully reconciles the often conflicting optical, thermal, and mechanical demands in multifunctional systems and offers a versatile platform for all\u2011weather thermal regulation, self\u2011cleaning, anti\u2011icing, and decentralized microenergy harvesting in complex outdoor environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c14567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:59:17Z","timestamp":1788263957000},"page":"48297-48307","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Multifunctional Flexible Superhydrophobic Film for All-Weather Thermal Regulation, Anti-Icing, and Droplet Energy Harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jianwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6420-5847","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yonghui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8323-7289","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3769-2069","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinlong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. China, 116024"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian University of Technology , , ,","place":["Dalian, P. R. 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