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However, existing optoelectronic devices integrating multiple functions typically suffer from fixed carrier dynamics that cannot be reconfigured after fabrication, which imposes a significant challenge on machine vision. Here, we overcome this challenge with a single MoS2\u2013x\/MoTe2 van der Waals heterojunction that delivers both self-powered broadband photodetection with superb performance and gate-tunable synaptic plasticity in one device. By modulating the Fermi level across sulfur vacancy defect states, we achieve continuous control of photocurrent decay dynamics over a 25-fold range\u2014enabling speed-adaptive in-sensor reservoir computing that matches relaxation kinetics to human motion, attaining 100% recognition accuracy for running, side-jumping, and walking. A random pruning strategy further reduces computational cost by three orders of magnitude while preserving 95% accuracy, demonstrating the system\u2019s potential for edge deployment. This work suggests that defect-engineered van der Waals heterojunctions offer a promising materials platform for speed-adaptive neuromorphic vision systems integrating sensing, memory, and computing capabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c14718","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:01:53Z","timestamp":1791230513000},"page":"55345-55357","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Speed-Adaptive In-Sensor Reservoir Computing via Gate-Tunable MoS2\u2013\n                    <i>x<\/i>\n                    \/MoTe2 Heterojunction Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8585-6016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dongyue","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5350-6206","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yehua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinsong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiying","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0535-8813","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4418-1179","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jingjing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing) , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3573-8390","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dashan","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100029"]},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100049"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026101408073688500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.4c02595","article-title":"WSe2\/\u03b2-Ga2O3 p\u2013n Heterojunction-Based Normally Off Phototransistors for Self-Powered UV-C Detection","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Photonics"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101408073688500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11542","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c19910","article-title":"An Advanced Robust van der Waals Heterostructure Photodetector with Ultralow Dark Current and a Large Linear Dynamic Range for Polarization Imaging and Optical Communication","volume":"18","author":"Ma","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. 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