{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:58:49Z","timestamp":1790758729990,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"38","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0569"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0569"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Swu-XDJH202309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Swu-XDJH202309"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32270547"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32270547"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32460136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32460136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Natural silks offer combinations of mechanical performance and biological functionality that synthetic materials still struggle to replicate. Here, we report the structural, mechanical, and biochemical characterization of cocoon silk from Achelura yunnanensis (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), a moth that builds a leaf-wrapped cocoon with three integrated defense layers. The silk fiber exhibits an average tensile strength of 1038 \u00b1 434 MPa, a toughness of 81 \u00b1 49 MJ m\u20133, and an elastic modulus of 22.1 \u00b1 8.8 GPa, approximately twice the respective values for Bombyx mori silk. These properties stem from a \u03b2-sheet content of 44.0 \u00b1 1.6% and crystallinity of 59.6%, enabled by an anterior silk gland that occupies 55% of the total gland length (vs 11.3% in B. mori) and imposes prolonged shear-driven molecular alignment during spinning. The fibroin heavy chain carries a chimeric motif architecture: silkworm-type (GAGAGSGSGA)n repeats (17.6%) coexist with (A)n segments (31.4%) and (GXGGXGXX)n motifs (14.1%) closely resembling spider dragline silk sequences. On the exposed side of the A. yunnanensis cocoon, abundant calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals (56.1% COM content) boost the specific puncture strength to 28.9 N\/mm, more than double the 13.8 N\/mm of B. mori. Proteomic profiling identified 36 putative antimicrobial proteins in the cocoon, dominated by trypsin inhibitor-like (TIL) proteins. Fluorescence-based enzyme inhibition assays show that these silk proteins suppress both microbial serine proteases (proteinase K residual activity: 0.7%; subtilisin: 1.8%) and animal digestive proteases (trypsin: 24.5%; chymotrypsin: 57.5%). Molecular docking of the predominant inhibitor TIL1 against all four target proteases yields binding free energies of \u20139.3 to \u201315.4 kcal\/mol with extensive salt-bridge networks. A. yunnanensis cocoon silk thus functions as a naturally integrated physical\u2013chemical composite: high-strength fibers, selective biomineral reinforcement, and broad-spectrum resistance to protease degradation, providing a model system for bioinspired material design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c14733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T16:01:42Z","timestamp":1789747302000},"page":"52783-52798","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multifunctional Defense of\n                    <i>Achelura yunnanensis<\/i>\n                    Cocoon: High-Strength Tough Silk Fiber, Biomineral Reinforcement, and Protease Degradation Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Nengwu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5159-6444","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naiyong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest Forestry University , , ,","place":["Kunming, China, 650224"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]},{"name":"Capital Normal University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100048"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yawen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]},{"name":"Zhejiang University of Technology , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 310014"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-4955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pengchao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0582-5362","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9263-2886","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qingyou","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5665-9953","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhaoming","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, China, 400715"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026093002080651700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-112408-085401","article-title":"Insect Silk: One Name, Many Materials","volume":"55","author":"Sutherland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. 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Entomol."},{"key":"2026093002080651700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/bk-1994-0544.ch001","article-title":"Silk: Biology, Structure, Properties, and Genetics","volume-title":"Silk Polymers","author":"Kaplan","year":"1993"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026093002080651700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(02)00353-8","article-title":"Silk-based biomaterials","volume":"24","author":"Altman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"41","key":"2026093002080651700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo6043","article-title":"1000 spider silkomes: Linking sequences to silk physical properties","volume":"8","author":"Arakawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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