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However, its clinical application is limited by donor scarcity and infection risks. Herein, a hierarchical micro\/nanofibrous artificial periosteum was fabricated by integrating electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers with self-assembled nanofibers derived from alkali-dissolved chitosan (CS). Magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (MHNPs) and the osteoinductive agent icariin (ICA) were incorporated to enhance osteogenic activity. The biomimetic micro\/nanofibrous architecture improved hydrophilicity, mechanical properties, and cellular responses, while MHNPs endowed the artificial periosteum with magnetic responsiveness. In a rat critical-sized cranial defect model, micro-CT analysis demonstrated that, under a static magnetic field (SMF), the PCL-CS-MHNPs-ICA group exhibited the highest bone volume fraction and nearly complete defect closure at 8 weeks postimplantation. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses further revealed enhanced collagen deposition, more mature lamellar bone formation, and upregulated expression of the osteogenesis-related marker (OCN), accompanied by improved angiogenesis. Overall, the magnetic artificial periosteum, in combination with SMF stimulation, effectively established a favorable osteogenic microenvironment and markedly accelerated bone regeneration, highlighting its potential as a promising strategy for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c15092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:02:16Z","timestamp":1790751736000},"page":"54651-54668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Magnetic Hierarchical Micro\/Nanofibrous Artificial Periosteum Promotes Bone Regeneration under a Static Magnetic Field"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]},{"name":"Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University , , ,","place":["Hangzhou, China, 311115"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-8054","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beihang University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100191"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101404075174500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2019.04.011","article-title":"Strontium-incorporated mineralized PLLA nanofibrous membranes for promoting bone defect repair","volume":"179","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"2026101404075174500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1039\/c6bm00481d","article-title":"Periosteum tissue engineering-a review","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomater. 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