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However, their practical application is hindered by surface degradation upon air exposure and structural distortion from Mn3+. Herein, we develop a two-step surface engineering protocol that combines proton-exchange washing with a short postcalcination to treat O3-type cathodes. Proton-exchange treatment removes surface carbonates and oxidizes Mn3+ to widen the interlayers for enhanced Na+ diffusion and Jahn\u2013Teller suppression, while the subsequent short calcination heals residual defects and locks in the refined structure. The optimally treated Na0.82Cu0.19Fe0.39Mn0.42O2 cathode delivers a reversible capacity of 110.2 mAh g\u20131 at 0.2 C with 92.3% retention after 100 cycles (substantially outperforming the pristine sample at 48.6%), while retaining its superior performance even after one month of air exposure. This cost\u2011effective and scalable surface engineering approach thus removes a critical industrial bottleneck for sodium\u2011ion batteries, marking a tangible step toward sustainable storage technologies for the zero\u2011carbon transition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c16266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:01:53Z","timestamp":1791511313000},"page":"56192-56202","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proton-Exchange Surface Engineering Enables Air-Stable Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes for Carbon-Neutral Energy Storage"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Huangfu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing University , , ,","place":["Chongqing, P. R. China, 400044"]},{"name":"Chongqing International Investment Consulting Group Co., Ltd. , , ,","place":["Chongqing, P. R. 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