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However, existing manufacturing strategies are constrained by sluggish reaction kinetics, poor film uniformity, and limited localized controllability, making it challenging to achieve high-resolution and programmable gradient architectures. Here, we demonstrate a high-precision, motion-programmed steam jet strategy, which simultaneously controls high-resolution patterning and compositional gradients in perovskite films. By optimizing the steam jet platform, including the mixing-chamber angle and the stabilization-tube length-to-diameter ratio, a stable and spatially confined vapor-treatment field was established for localized halide exchange. Through digitally programmed trajectories, the local vapor-exposure time can be precisely controlled, allowing the customized patterned gradient construction of perovskite films tailored to diverse optoelectronic applications. After optimizing the substrate morphology and the steam-jet processing parameters, the customized patterned gradient perovskite films (CusGrad-PPFs) exhibited a spectral-gradient slope of 1.31 nm mm\u20131, with a spatial resolution of 76.4 \u03bcm (defined on the basis of a typical spectrometer measurement accuracy of 0.1 nm). EDS line-scan analysis yielded a mean 10\u201390% patterned-boundary width of 344.4 \u03bcm. Furthermore, a gradient position sensor was developed as a proof of concept, achieving an average resolution of 2.4 mm nm\u20131. This strategy provides a novel route for the high-precision and customizable fabrication of gradient perovskite films and establishes a proof-of-concept basis for spectrally encoded position sensing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c16407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:01:33Z","timestamp":1792076493000},"page":"57997-58009","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High-Resolution Fabrication of Customized Patterned Gradient Perovskite Films via Motion-Programmed Steam Jet"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jiasheng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]},{"name":"Foshan Nationstar Optoelectronics Company Ltd , , ,","place":["Foshan, China, 528000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayong","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sirui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haikun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foshan Nationstar Optoelectronics Company Ltd , , ,","place":["Foshan, China, 528000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Xinyichang Technology Company Ltd , ,","place":["Shenzhen, China, 518101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0232-2121","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]},{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 511442"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7745-2783","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zongtao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South China University of Technology , , ,","place":["Guangzhou, China, 510641"]},{"name":"Foshan Nationstar Optoelectronics Company Ltd , , ,","place":["Foshan, China, 528000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102805070649400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9172","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TC03592B","article-title":"Perovskite CH3NH3Pb(BrxI1\u2013x)3 single crystals with controlled composition for fine-tuned bandgap towards optimized optoelectronic applications","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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