{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T12:53:18Z","timestamp":1791982398740,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790640000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001406","name":"Ministry of New and Renewable Energy India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MNRE001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MNRE001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001406","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scalability and operational stability remain critical challenges for wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report a mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based on a carbazole moiety as a hole transport layer (HTL) to enable large active area (&amp;gt;5 cm2) PSC fabrication. Buried-interface reveals a compact grain size, reduced pinholes, and enhanced large-area film homogeneity of perovskite films prepared on mixed SAM. Top photoluminescence (PL) study show a recombination exponent (k) of 1.175 for the mixed-SAM HTL\/perovskite films, indicating suppressed non-radiative losses. Optimized small-area devices (1.2 cm2) achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.30%, with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.204 V and fill factor (FF) of 81.32%, alongside enhanced damp-heat stability (T75 &amp;gt; 680 h). Voltage and FF losses are analyzed via transient PL based analytical model and empirical FF model, respectively. Upon scaling to 5.2 cm2, a PCE of 18.88% was maintained with only \u223c7% relative efficiency loss majorly associated with reduced FF due to increased series resistance with increased area by almost 433% of the transparent conducting oxide substrate. These results establish mixed-SAM engineering with optimal chemical and electronic properties as an effective route toward scalable, efficient, and stable wide-bandgap PSCs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c17710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:02:47Z","timestamp":1790708567000},"page":"55253-55264","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mixed Carbazole Self-Assembled Monolayers Enable Scalable Large-Area (&amp;gt;5 cm2) Efficient Wide Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9320-469X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Venkatesh G.","family":"Chityala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chander","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinmaya Kumar","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , Powai , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravi Prakash","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepika","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3569-5252","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anas","family":"M. M.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhijit","family":"Singha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]},{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1223-5777","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tulsiram","family":"Moodalabeed Prasannakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Renewable Tandem-Photovoltaics (ART-PV) India Private Limited, Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SINE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9744-8746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sudhanshu","family":"Mallick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Kottantharayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9397-5744","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kavaipatti Ramanathan","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep R.","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5256-1465","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, India, 400076"]},{"name":"Advanced Renewable Tandem-Photovoltaics (ART-PV) India Private Limited, Society for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (SINE), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , , ,","place":["Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, 400076"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101408070006800_cit1","unstructured":"NLR\n          . 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