{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:45:15Z","timestamp":1792586715351,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"41","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52473289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52473289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polymer-stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) dimming films have broad applications in smart windows due to their excellent electro-optical performance and normally transparent working mode. However, traditional PSLC films suffer from issues such as weak mechanical strength, difficulty in simultaneously optimizing electro-optical performance and mechanical properties, and insufficient near-infrared light shielding ability. In this study, an amine-acrylate-based PSLC system has been constructed based on the Aza-Michael addition reaction, and the effects of polymerization conditions and carbon chain length of diamine on the electro-optical performance, interfacial peel strength, microstructures, and spectral regulation ability have been systematically investigated. The results show that the amino-acrylate PSLC reaches a maximum contrast ratio of 193.52, which is about 5 times higher than that of the pure acrylate system. Amino modification increases the film peeling strength by 2 to 3 times compared to the pure acrylate system, with the longest carbon chain amine system achieving a peeling strength of 128.38 kPa. The film also possesses good passive radiative cooling performance due to the abundant C\u2013F\/C\u2013N\/N\u2013H bonds in liquid crystals and polymer networks, with a maximum cooling power of 132.34 W\/m2 at night and 82.85 W\/m2 during the day, lowering temperatures by 8.45 and 14.04 \u00b0C in the off\/on states relative to the environment. Actual working condition verification indicates that the miniature room equipped with amino-acrylate PSLC film could achieve a maximum temperature decrease of 4.11 \u00b0C compared to the miniature room equipped with ITO glass. These results indicate that the introduction of flexible carbon chain with an amino group into the rigid chain-based PSLC films endows the film with better electro-optical performance, higher peel strength, and improved radiative cooling ability. This study provides a feasible route for the preparation of high-performance flexible reverse-mode dimming films and lays the foundation for its application in smart windows with radiative cooling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c17750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:01:43Z","timestamp":1791838903000},"page":"56721-56731","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Flexible Amine-Acrylate-Based Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal Films toward Radiative Cooling Smart Windows"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Tianfu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6986-6895","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Meina","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanzi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-7150-6446","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cheng","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3773-6666","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Huai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peking University , , ,","place":["Beijing, China, 100083"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112868","article-title":"Techno-economic design optimization of hybrid renewable energy applications for high-rise residential buildings","volume":"213","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2738(92)90418-O","article-title":"Electrochromism and smart window design","volume":"53","author":"Granqvist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Solid State Ionics"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026102108062508900_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202402124","article-title":"Free-Standing Bacterial Cellulose-Templated Radiative Cooling Liquid Crystal Films with Self-Adaptive Solar Transmittance Modulation","volume":"34","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102108062508900_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45047-y","article-title":"Mask-inspired moisture-transmitting and durable thermochromic perovskite smart windows","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151603","article-title":"Flexible and thermoresponsive AEMR-pNIPAM\/Cs0.33WO3 composite hydrogel film with NIR shielding potential for smart windows and smart curtains","volume":"490","author":"Sudhakaran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102108062508900_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2022.101193","article-title":"A stable, self-regulating, flexible, ITO-free electrochromic smart window for energy-efficient buildings","volume":"3","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.150858","article-title":"Efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate by Co\/Cu co-substituted-ferrite and carbon composite for rapid degradation of tetracycline in aqueous phase: Performance evaluation and mechanisms","volume":"488","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102108062508900_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-024-01349-z","article-title":"Tri-band electrochromic smart window for energy savings in buildings","volume":"7","author":"Shao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102108062508900_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-022-01023-2","article-title":"Dynamic electrochromism for all-season radiative thermoregulation","volume":"6","author":"Sui","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Sustainability"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026102108062508900_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adom.202400459","article-title":"Regulating the ion transport in the layered V2O5 electrochromic films with tunable interlayer spacing","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Opt. Mater."},{"issue":"41","key":"2026102108062508900_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303270","article-title":"A sensing and stretchable polymer-dispersed liquid crystal device based on spiderweb-inspired silver nanowires-micromesh transparent electrode","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.155277","article-title":"Highly stable Ag@ Au nanowires micromesh as transparent conductive network for stretchable electrochromic modulator","volume":"498","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026102108062508900_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310229","article-title":"A Reversible MnO2 Deposition-Enabled Multicolor Electrochromic Device With Efficient Tunability of Ultraviolet\u2013Visible Light","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.151552","article-title":"Hollow Fe3O4\/Fe@ C nanocubes for broadband microwave absorption spanning low-and high-frequency bands","volume":"490","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2021.106613","article-title":"Unconventional smart windows: Materials, structures and designs","volume":"90","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026102108062508900_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3825","DOI":"10.1039\/d4mh00082j","article-title":"LCST ion gels fabricating \u201call-in-one\u201d smart windows: thermotropic, electrochromic and power-generating","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. Horiz."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2024.109352","article-title":"A dual-responsive smart window based on inorganic all-solid-state electro-and photochromic device","volume":"123","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102108062508900_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsu.202400773","article-title":"Bio-Mass Radiative Cooling Materials: Progress and Prospects","volume":"9","author":"ia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Sustainable Syst."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026102108062508900_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202402202","article-title":"A colored temperature-adaptive cloak for year-round building energy saving","volume":"14","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102108062508900_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dro2.32","article-title":"High-performance and wide relative humidity passive evaporative cooling utilizing atmospheric water","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Droplet"},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.73235","article-title":"A Low-Voltage Multi-Band Tunable Smart Window for Self-Adaptive Thermoregulation","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"35","key":"2026102108062508900_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202301319","article-title":"Ultrafast switchable passive radiative cooling smart windows with synergistic optical modulation","volume":"33","author":"Deng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"27","key":"2026102108062508900_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401869","article-title":"Annual Energy-Saving Smart Windows with Actively Controllable Passive Radiative Cooling and Multimode Heating Regulation","volume":"36","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2023.107976","article-title":"Liquid crystal\/polymer composites for energy-efficient smart windows with a wide working temperature range and low off-axis haze","volume":"178","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Composites, Part A"},{"issue":"29","key":"2026102108062508900_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42348","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c10067","article-title":"A Bending-Resistant Epoxy PSLC Film with Ultrahigh Peel Strength via Well-Controlled Rapid Cationic Polymerization for Smart Window Applications","volume":"17","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102108062508900_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407707","article-title":"A Multi-Functional Molecule for Highly Durable, Bending-Resistant, Low-Voltage Driving PSLC Films toward Smart Windows With Radiative Cooling","volume":"21","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"34","key":"2026102108062508900_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-021-06489-7","article-title":"Simultaneous effects of external stimuli on preparation and performance parameters of normally transparent reverse mode polymer-dispersed liquid crystals\u2014a review","volume":"56","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"2026102108062508900_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/macp.202000185","article-title":"Effect of polymer network topology on the electro-optical performance of polymer stabilized liquid crystal (PSLC) devices","volume":"221","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Macromol. Chem. Phys."},{"issue":"40","key":"2026102108062508900_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37026","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b10286","article-title":"Responsive smart windows enabled by the azobenzene copolymer brush with photothermal effect","volume":"11","author":"Kuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102108062508900_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202100991","article-title":"Liquid Crystalline Composite Stabilized by Epoxy Polymer with Boscage-Like Morphology for Energy-Efficient Smart Windows with High Stability","volume":"307","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102108062508900_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1080\/02678292.2021.2007549","article-title":"Combined effect of hydroxylated and fluorinated acrylate monomers on improving the electro-optical and mechanical performances of PDLC-films","volume":"49","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Liq. Cryst."},{"issue":"45","key":"2026102108062508900_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16052","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201908832","article-title":"1,2-Dithienyldicyanoethene-based, visible-light-driven, chiral fluorescent molecular switch: rewritable multimodal photonic devices","volume":"58","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102108062508900_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5513","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b15812","article-title":"Hydrophobic coatings on cotton obtained by in situ plasma polymerization of a fluorinated monomer in ethanol solutions","volume":"9","author":"Molina","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102108062508900_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201101775","article-title":"Highly conductive and transparent PEDOT: PSS films with a fluorosurfactant for stretchable and flexible transparent electrodes","volume":"22","author":"Vosgueritchian","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026102108062508900_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25343","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c02819","article-title":"A smart window with passive radiative cooling and switchable near-infrared light transmittance via molecular engineering","volume":"16","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.147668","article-title":"A novel low-voltage fast-response electrically controlled dimming film based on fluorinated PDLC for smart window applications","volume":"479","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102108062508900_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1002\/polb.24287","article-title":"Liquid crystal elastomer actuators: Synthesis, alignment, and applications","volume":"55","author":"Kularatne","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026102108062508900_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202101955","article-title":"Amine-acrylate liquid single crystal elastomers reinforced by hydrogen bonding","volume":"33","author":"Zou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"26","key":"2026102108062508900_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4835","DOI":"10.1039\/c5py00640f","article-title":"Programmed liquid crystal elastomers with tunable actuation strain","volume":"6","author":"Ware","year":"2015","journal-title":"Polym. Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102108062508900_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2718","DOI":"10.1039\/c3ta14612j","article-title":"Fine crystalline VO2 nanoparticles: synthesis, abnormal phase transition temperatures and excellent optical properties of a derived VO2 nanocomposite foil","volume":"2","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. A"},{"issue":"6412","key":"2026102108062508900_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9513","article-title":"Hierarchically porous polymer coatings for highly efficient passive daytime radiative cooling","volume":"362","author":"Mandal","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"30","key":"2026102108062508900_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40046","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c08934","article-title":"Reverse-mode polymer-stabilized liquid crystal films with enhanced peel strength and electro-optical performance based on photoreactive self-assembly alignment layers and patterned polymer walls","volume":"16","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2024.108501","article-title":"Epoxy resin-based polymer-wall stabilized liquid crystal films with low driving voltages and improved mechanical performance for smart window applications","volume":"187","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Composites, Part A"},{"key":"2026102108062508900_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2025.108980","article-title":"A multistage modulated smart window based on fluorinated polymer\/liquid crystal composites with passive radiative cooling characteristics","volume":"195","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Composites, Part A"}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c17750","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/41\/56721\/68825843\/am-2026-17750b.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/41\/56721\/68825843\/am-2026-17750b.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:15:56Z","timestamp":1792584956000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/41\/56721\/5449310\/Flexible-Amine-Acrylate-Based-Polymer-Stabilized"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"41","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c17750","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]}}}