{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:37:28Z","timestamp":1793176648348,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)","award":["2022YFB2502100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB2502100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nano-confined silicon\/carbon (Si\/C) composites synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) hold great promise as high-capacity anodes for lithium-ion batteries, but their rate capability and cycling stability are severely undermined by micropore blockage, poor Si\/C interfacial affinity, and low ionic conductivity of the SiC interphase. Herein, we report a synergistic strategy that integrates silicophilic interface-induced deposition with surface oxidation modification. Using ordered mesoporous carbon CMK3 enriched with N\/O functional groups (CMK3@NO) as the scaffold, we fabricate CMK3@NO\u2013Si@SiO2 composites through CVD followed by controlled oxidation. In this architecture, the N\/O-rich silicophilic interface ensures uniform and dense silicon filling within the mesopores, while subsequent controlled oxidation partially converts the outer silicon layer into SiO2, which upon lithiation transforms in situ into a LixSiOy protective phase featuring high Li+ conductivity and superior mechanical toughness. This design yields three synergistic benefits: a mesoporous scaffold enabling rapid ion\/electron transport, a silicophilic interface securing atomic-scale Si\/C contact, and a LixSiOy layer facilitating fast interfacial Li+ migration while providing mechanical buffering. As a result, the CMK3@NO\u2013Si@SiO2 anode delivers a reversible capacity of 805 mAh g\u20131 at 5 A g\u20131 and retains 81% of its capacity after 600 cycles at 2 A g\u20131. A full cell paired with LiFePO4 maintains 75% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1 C. This work offers a paradigm for designing high-rate Si\/C anodes through the synergistic engineering of interface chemistry and pore architecture.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6c17967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T11:02:30Z","timestamp":1792407750000},"page":"57755-57766","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Silicophilic Interface-Induced Deposition and Surface Oxidation Enable High-Rate Nano-Confined Silicon\/Carbon Anodes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Mouren","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benchi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3451-1058","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kean","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2483-984X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Textile University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430200"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8988-525X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yongjin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-5652","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yuliang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lanxi Zhide Advanced Materials Co., Ltd , , ,","place":["Lanxi, Zhejiang, China, 321100"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8280-0866","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xinping","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan University , , , ,","place":["Wuhan, Hubei, China, 430072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026102802065055300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01598b","article-title":"Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review","volume":"4","author":"Etacheri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2023.108894","article-title":"Kinetic limits and enhancement of graphite anode for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries","volume":"117","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102802065055300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.61558\/2993-074X.3611","article-title":"Distribution and transport of lithium ions at interfaces between graphite and carboxymethyl celluloses","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Electrochem."},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensm.2022.01.042","article-title":"Recent progress and future perspective on practical silicon anode-based lithium ion batteries","volume":"46","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Storage Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102802065055300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17686-4","article-title":"Stable high-capacity and high-rate silicon-based lithium battery anodes upon two-dimensional covalent encapsulation","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102802065055300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5105","article-title":"Mesoporous silicon sponge as an anti-pulverization structure for high-performance lithium-ion battery anodes","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102802065055300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00947-8","article-title":"Progressive growth of the solid\u2013electrolyte interphase towards the Si anode interior causes capacity fading","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102802065055300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1021\/nn204476h","article-title":"Size-dependent fracture of silicon nanoparticles during lithiation","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"29","key":"2026102802065055300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202301320","article-title":"Physicochemical dual cross-linking conductive polymeric networks combining high strength and high toughness enable stable operation of silicon microparticle anodes","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102802065055300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A5131","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0221903jes","article-title":"Carbon coated Si-metal silicide composite anode materials prepared by high-energy milling and carburization for Li-ion rechargeable batteries","volume":"166","author":"Choi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102802065055300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A6075","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0101701jes","article-title":"High-performance Li-ion battery anodes based on silicon-graphene self-assemblies","volume":"164","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102802065055300_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5063","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b00157","article-title":"Lithiation of silicon nanoparticles confined in carbon nanotubes","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102802065055300_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.1988.tb00210.x","article-title":"Surface characterization of hydrogenated silicon powder made by the laser-induced decomposition of silane","volume":"3","author":"Kramer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Adv. Ceram."},{"issue":"36","key":"2026102802065055300_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202504545","article-title":"Ultrastable monodisperse resin-based spherical Si-C materials with micropore confined growth of silicon nanoclusters for lithium-ion battery anodes","volume":"35","author":"Mu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026102802065055300_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4989","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.3c00534","article-title":"Microsized silicon\/carbon composite anodes through in situ polymerization of phenolic resin onto silicon microparticles for high-performance lithium-ion batteries","volume":"6","author":"Ma","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2025.103271","article-title":"Biomass-derived porous hard carbon\/silicon anode with superior cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"51","author":"Yang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102802065055300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.61558\/2993-074X.3569","article-title":"Structure regulation engineering for biomass-derived carbon anodes enabling high-rate dual-ion batteries","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Electrochem."},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2024.234992","article-title":"Robust silicon\/carbon composite anode materials with high tap density and excellent cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"614","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102802065055300_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60191-9","article-title":"Sieving pore design enables stable and fast alloying chemistry of silicon negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026102802065055300_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-0587-8","article-title":"Scalable synthesis of silicon-nanolayer-embedded graphite for high-energy lithium-ion batteries","volume":"5","author":"Ko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.09.009","article-title":"A hierarchical porous hard carbon@Si@soft carbon material for advanced lithium-ion batteries","volume":"678","author":"Lv","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026102802065055300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-021-00945-z","article-title":"Subnano-sized silicon anode via crystal growth inhibition mechanism and its application in a prototype battery pack","volume":"6","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"issue":"45","key":"2026102802065055300_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202404440","article-title":"Benchmarking the match of porous carbon substrate pore volume on silicon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026102802065055300_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17948","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.5c02856","article-title":"Optimization of porous structure on carbon host for silicon\/carbon anodes in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"21","key":"2026102802065055300_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200894","article-title":"Zero-strain high-capacity silicon\/carbon anode enabled by a MOF-derived space-confined single-atom catalytic strategy for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026102802065055300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202403086","article-title":"Robust nitrogen\/sulfur co-doped carbon frameworks as multifunctional coating layer on Si anodes toward superior lithium storage","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102802065055300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-026-02258-w","article-title":"Multifunctional conductive and elastic matrices-engineered Si nanocomposite anodes for liquid and solid-state lithium batteries","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nano-micro Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102802065055300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9103","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6c00202","article-title":"Constructing functional lithium-ion transport interfaces by in-situ growth and transformation on chemical vapor deposition-derived silicon\u2013carbon anode materials","volume":"148","author":"Lu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"10","key":"2026102802065055300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202106144","article-title":"A solid-phase conversion sulfur cathode with full capacity utilization and superior cycle stability for lithium-sulfur batteries","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"2026102802065055300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2004.09.026","article-title":"Substrate induced coagulation (SIC) of nano-disperse carbon black in non-aqueous media: the dispersibility and stability of carbon black in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone","volume":"253","author":"Basch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Colloid Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026102802065055300_cit31","first-page":"1854","article-title":"Phase engineering of lithium silicate in SiOx anodes for fast-charging lithium-ion batteries","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102802065055300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.61558\/2993-074X.3520","article-title":"SnO2 particles embedded into carbon coated mesoporous SiOx rod as high volumetric capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"31","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Electrochem."},{"issue":"30","key":"2026102802065055300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423538","article-title":"Mild chemical lithiation strategy for achieving synergistic lithium-compensation and carbon-coating on SiO anodes","volume":"35","author":"Ou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026102802065055300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200704287","article-title":"Superior storage performance of a Si@SiOx\/C nanocomposite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"47","author":"Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"issue":"46","key":"2026102802065055300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31611","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b09775","article-title":"Dual core\u2013shell structured Si@SiOx@C nanocomposite synthesized via a one-step pyrolysis method as a highly stable anode material for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"8","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmat.2025.101053","article-title":"Effective binding sufficiently-small SiO2 nanoparticles within carbon nanosheets framework enables a high-performing and durable anode for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Materiomics"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026102802065055300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202500189","article-title":"High-performance silicon anodes enabled by multifunctional ultrafine silica nanoparticle-embedded carbon coatings for lithium-ion batteries","volume":"15","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026102802065055300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4373","DOI":"10.1063\/1.362670","article-title":"Kinetics of oxidation on hydrogen-terminated Si(100) and (111) surfaces stored in air","volume":"79","author":"Miura","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"key":"2026102802065055300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2018.02.051","article-title":"A novel durable double-conductive core-shell structure applying to the synthesis of silicon anode for lithium ion batteries","volume":"384","author":"Xing","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026102802065055300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1021\/nl3014814","article-title":"A yolk-shell design for stabilized and scalable Li-ion battery alloy anodes","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026102802065055300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407276","article-title":"Hierarchical porous structured Si\/C anode material for lithium-ion batteries by dual encapsulating layers for enhanced lithium-ion and electron transports rates","volume":"21","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026102802065055300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.1039\/D5EE01568E","article-title":"Micro-sized CVD-derived Si-C anodes: challenges, strategies, and prospects for next-generation high-energy lithium-ion batteries","volume":"18","author":"Xiao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026102802065055300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2612","article-title":"Ordered mesoporous \u03b1-MoO3 with iso-oriented nanocrystalline walls for thin-film pseudocapacitors","volume":"9","author":"Brezesinski","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.6c17967","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/42\/57755\/68901517\/am-2026-179677.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/18\/42\/57755\/68901517\/am-2026-179677.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T08:12:19Z","timestamp":1793175139000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/18\/42\/57755\/5453580\/Silicophilic-Interface-Induced-Deposition-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.6c17967","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]}}}