{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:10:57Z","timestamp":1791461457582,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"44","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccbyncnd_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"NanoNextNL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Micron- and nano-sized particles are extensively used in various biomedical applications. However, their performance is often drastically hampered by the nonspecific adsorption of biomolecules, a process called biofouling, which can cause false-positive and false-negative outcomes in diagnostic tests. Although antifouling coatings have been extensively studied on flat surfaces, their use on micro- and nanoparticles remains largely unexplored, despite the widespread experimental (specifically, clinical) uncertainties that arise because of biofouling. Here, we describe the preparation of magnetic micron-sized beads coated with zwitterionic sulfobetaine polymer brushes that display strong antifouling characteristics. These coated beads can then be equipped with recognition elements of choice, to enable the specific binding of target molecules. First, we present a proof of principle with biotin-functionalized beads that are able to specifically bind fluorescently labeled streptavidin from a complex mixture of serum proteins. Moreover, we show the versatility of the method by demonstrating that it is also possible to functionalize the beads with mannose moieties to specifically bind the carbohydrate-binding protein concanavalin A. Flow cytometry was used to show that thus-modified beads only bind specifically targeted proteins, with minimal\/near-zero nonspecific protein adsorption from other proteins that are present. These antifouling zwitterionic polymer-coated beads, therefore, provide a significant advancement for the many bead-based diagnostic and other biosensing applications that require stringent antifouling conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b09725","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]],"date-time":"2017-10-24T16:11:54Z","timestamp":1508861514000},"page":"38211-38221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Highly\nSpecific Binding on Antifouling Zwitterionic Polymer-Coated Microbeads\nas Measured by Flow Cytometry"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Esther","family":"van Andel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University , , Stippeneng 4 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6708 WE"]},{"name":"Wageningen University , , De Elst 1 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6709 PG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1061-8352","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian","family":"de Bus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University , , Stippeneng 4 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6708 WE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin J.","family":"Tijhaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University , , De Elst 1 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6709 PG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6855-0426","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maarten M. J.","family":"Smulders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University , , Stippeneng 4 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6708 WE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huub F. J.","family":"Savelkoul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University , , De Elst 1 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6709 PG"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-8506","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Han","family":"Zuilhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University , , Stippeneng 4 , ,","place":["Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6708 WE"]},{"name":"Tianjin University , , 92 Weijin Road , ,","place":["Tianjin, People\u2019s Republic of China, 300072"]},{"name":"King Abdulaziz University , , ,","place":["Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 21589"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5818","DOI":"10.1021\/cr300068p","article-title":"Magnetic Nanoparticles: Design and Characterization,\nToxicity and Biocompatibility, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Applications","volume":"112","author":"Reddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0193-60","article-title":"Application of Magnetic\nBeads in Bioassays","volume":"11","author":"Haukanes","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biotechnology"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2003.11.017","article-title":"Cytometric\nBead Array: A Multiplexed Assay Platform with Applications in Various\nAreas of Biology","volume":"110","author":"Morgan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/s1748-0132(07)70084-1","article-title":"Magnetic Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery","volume":"2","author":"Arruebo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progsolidstchem.2005.11.010","article-title":"Magnetic Nanoparticle\nDesign for Medical Applications","volume":"34","author":"Mornet","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Solid\nState Chem."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1021\/la803737c","article-title":"Novel Zwitterionic-Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles","volume":"25","author":"Jia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.06.036","article-title":"Functionalizable and Ultra Stable\nNanoparticles Coated with Zwitterionic Poly(Carboxybetaine) in Undiluted\nBlood Serum","volume":"30","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.09.101","article-title":"Zwitterionic\nPolymer-Coated Immunobeads for Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2016.10.026","article-title":"Improving Sensitivity\nand Specificity of Capturing and Detecting Targeted Cancer Cells with\nAnti-Biofouling Polymer Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles","volume":"150","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Colloids Surf., B"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9625","DOI":"10.1021\/la500057j","article-title":"Zwitteration: Coating Surfaces with\nZwitterionic Functionality to Reduce Nonspecific Adsorption","volume":"30","author":"Schlenoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201404059","article-title":"Molecular Understanding\nand Design of Zwitterionic Materials","volume":"27","author":"Shao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1126\/science.252.5009.1164","article-title":"Self-Assembled Organic Monolayers:\nModel Systems for Studying Adsorption of Proteins at Surfaces","volume":"252","author":"Prime","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2934","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0473321","article-title":"Protein Adsorption on Oligo(Ethylene\nGlycol)-Terminated Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers: The Molecular\nBasis for Nonfouling Behavior","volume":"109","author":"Li","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem.\nB"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5605","DOI":"10.1021\/la010384m","article-title":"A Survey of Structure\u2013Property\nRelationships of Surfaces that Resist the Adsorption of Protein","volume":"17","author":"Ostuni","year":"2001","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1163\/156856207782246795","article-title":"Protein Interactions\nwith Oligo(Ethylene Glycol) (Oeg) Self-Assembled Monolayers: Oeg Stability,\nSurface Packing Density and Protein Adsorption","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Sci., Polym. Ed."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1021\/bm701301s","article-title":"Zwitterionic\nPolymers Exhibiting High Resistance to Nonspecific Protein Adsorption\nfrom Human Serum and Plasma","volume":"9","author":"Ladd","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2008.09.035","article-title":"Functionalizable\nSurface Platform with Reduced Nonspecific Protein Adsorption from\nFull Blood Plasma\u2500Material Selection and Protein Immobilization\nOptimization","volume":"24","author":"Vaisocherova\u0301","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1021\/la104657c","article-title":"Stable Protein-Repellent\nZwitterionic Polymer Brushes Grafted from Silicon Nitride","volume":"27","author":"Nguyen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/s13233-012-0099-x","article-title":"Biocompatible Characteristics\nof Sulfobetaine-Containing Brush Polymers","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Macromol.\nRes."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.1021\/cr940534g","article-title":"Atom Transfer Radical\nPolymerization","volume":"101","author":"Matyjaszewski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. 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Mater."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1021\/bm800407r","article-title":"Nonfouling\nBehavior of Polycarboxybetaine-Grafted Surfaces: Structural and Environmental\nEffects","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5317","DOI":"10.1021\/ma4009059","article-title":"Synthesis of Highly Stretchable, Mechanically Tough,\nZwitterionic Sulfobetaine Nanocomposite Gels with Controlled Thermosensitivities","volume":"46","author":"Ning","year":"2013","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2014.06.015","article-title":"Pegylation\nof Microbead Surfaces Reduces Unspecific Antibody Binding in Glycan-Based\nSuspension Array","volume":"412","author":"Pochechueva","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1021\/bc300339b","article-title":"Noble Polymeric\nSurface Conjugated with Zwitterionic Moieties and Antibodies for the\nIsolation of Exosomes from Human Serum","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioconjugate\nChem."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471722731","volume-title":"Practical Flow Cytometry","author":"Shapiro","year":"2003","edition":"4"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.282","article-title":"Flow Cytometry","volume":"132","author":"Jahan-Tigh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Invest. Dermatol."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit28","first-page":"3982","article-title":"Flow Cytometry\nin Clinical Cancer Research","volume":"43","author":"Barlogie","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10199","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.6b02622","article-title":"Efficient and Tunable\nThree-Dimensional Functionalization of Fully Zwitterionic Antifouling\nSurface Coatings","volume":"32","author":"Lange","year":"2016","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1021\/la403525z","article-title":"Stability of (Bio)Functionalized Porous Aluminum Oxide","volume":"30","author":"Debrassi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17690","DOI":"10.1021\/la303893u","article-title":"Ultralow Adhesion\nand Friction of Fluoro-Hydro Alkyne-Derived Self-Assembled Monolayers\non H-Terminated Si(111)","volume":"28","author":"Pujari","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.5b00853","article-title":"Versatile (Bio)Functionalization\nof Bromo-Terminated Phosphonate-Modified Porous Aluminum Oxide","volume":"31","author":"Debrassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12509","DOI":"10.1021\/la3022563","article-title":"Generic Top-Functionalization of Patterned Antifouling\nZwitterionic Polymers on Indium Tin Oxide","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9879","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200905087","article-title":"Analysis and Optimization\nof Copper-Catalyzed Azide\u2013Alkyne Cycloaddition for Bioconjugation","volume":"48","author":"Hong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5599","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs35170f","article-title":"Surface Chemistry to Minimize Fouling\nfrom Blood-Based Fluids","volume":"41","author":"Blaszykowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9211","DOI":"10.1021\/la801487f","article-title":"Film Thickness Dependence\nof Protein Adsorption from Blood Serum and Plasma onto Poly(Sulfobetaine)-Grafted\nSurfaces","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3388","DOI":"10.1021\/la304886r","article-title":"Complete Identification\nof Proteins Responsible for Human Blood Plasma Fouling on Poly(Ethylene\nGlycol)-Based Surfaces","volume":"29","author":"Riedel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1021\/la2031363","article-title":"Bioconjugation\nof Protein-Repellent Zwitterionic Polymer Brushes Grafted from Silicon\nNitride","volume":"28","author":"Nguyen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b09459","article-title":"Influence of Protein Surface Coverage on Anomalously\nStrong Adsorption Sites","volume":"8","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026090300451857600_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1021\/bm401302v","article-title":"Interfacial\nProtein\u2013Protein Associations","volume":"15","author":"Langdon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"}],"container-title":["ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsami.7b09725","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/9\/44\/38211\/67134064\/acsami.7b09725.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article-pdf\/9\/44\/38211\/67134064\/acsami.7b09725.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T04:45:29Z","timestamp":1788410729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aamick\/article\/9\/44\/38211\/705428\/Highly-Specific-Binding-on-Antifouling"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"44","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.7b09725","relation":{},"ISSN":["1944-8244","1944-8252"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1944-8244","type":"print"},{"value":"1944-8252","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,24]]}}}