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In this study, a water-based, sustainable, and simple way of making polymeric membranes is presented without the need for harmful solvents or extreme pH conditions. Membranes were prepared from water-insoluble polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) via aqueous phase separation (APS). Strong polyelectrolytes (PEs), poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS), and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) were mixed in the presence of excess of salt, thereby preventing complexation. Immersing a thin film of this mixture into a low-salinity bath induces complexation and consequently the precipitation of a solid PEC-based membrane. This approach leads to asymmetric nanofiltration membranes, with thin dense top layers and porous, macrovoid-free support layers. While the PSS molecular weight and the total polymer concentrations of the casting mixture did not significantly affect the membrane structure, they did affect the film formation process, the resulting mechanical stability of the films, and the membrane separation properties. The salt concentration of the coagulation bath has a large effect on membrane structure and allows for control over the thickness of the separation layer. The nanofiltration membranes prepared by APS have a low molecular weight cutoff (&amp;lt;300 Da), a high MgSO4 retention (\u223c80%), and good stability even at high pressures (10 bar). PE complexation induced APS is a simple and sustainable way to prepare membranes where membrane structure and performance can be tuned with molecular weight, polymer concentration, and ionic strength.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.0c00255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T15:53:55Z","timestamp":1591026835000},"page":"2612-2621","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Polyelectrolyte Complex Membranes via Salinity Change\nInduced Aqueous Phase Separation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-1615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Elif Nur","family":"Durmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. Box 217, ,","place":["Enschede, The Netherlands, 7500 AE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7636-0630","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Muhammad Irshad","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. Box 217, ,","place":["Enschede, The Netherlands, 7500 AE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-755X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Willott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. Box 217, ,","place":["Enschede, The Netherlands, 7500 AE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0133-1931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wiebe M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. 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Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026090212490008400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2016.12.037","article-title":"Fabrication of Novel\nPorous Membrane from Biobased Water-Soluble Polymer (Hydroxypropylcellulose)","volume":"526","author":"Hanafia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"2026090212490008400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-3861(98)00040-8","article-title":"Formation of Anisotropic\nMembranes\nvia Thermally Induced Phase Separation","volume":"40","author":"Matsuyama","year":"1999","journal-title":"Polymer"},{"key":"2026090212490008400_cit10","unstructured":"de Vos, W. M.\n           (Universiteit Twente), Aqueous\nphase separation method. 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