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Keeping all other synthetic conditions the same, the polyurea (PUA) loading in X-Ca-alg-IP (40\u201346% w\/w) was lower than what was obtained using flexible aliphatic (56% w\/w) or rigid aromatic (60% w\/w) triisocyanate monomers, reflecting differences in monomer reactivity and packing efficiency of the resulting PUA. Cross-linking preserved the macro\/mesoporous nanoscale architecture of the native Ca-alg backbone, maintaining high porosity (up to 95% v\/v) and specific surface area (up to 393 m2 g\u20131). Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) confirmed that the nanostructure and mass-fractal organization are largely preserved by the cross-linking process that produced a conformal interfacial layer of PUA around the primary Ca-alg skeletal particles, with an estimated thickness on the order of 2\u20133 nm. Compared to other X-biopolymer aerogels, X-Ca-alg-IP aerogels showed significantly enhanced stiffness, with Young\u2019s moduli in the range of 11\u201316 MPa. These results highlight the critical role of the molecular structure of the cross-linker in tailoring the structure\u2013property relationships in X-biopolymer aerogels for advanced and sustainable environmental and biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.6c02361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T13:14:27Z","timestamp":1785849267000},"page":"13252-13266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Alginate Aerogels\nCrosslinked with Isophorone-Based\nPolyurea: The Missing Link between Rigid Aromatic and Flexible Aliphatic\nNanostructured Networks"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Argyrios","family":"Gomatos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, 15771"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grigorios","family":"Raptopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, 15771"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Papadakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d , , Agia Paraskevi , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, 15341"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Prapa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, 15771"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ade\u0301l","family":"Len","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research , , Konkoly-Thege Miklo\u0301s str. 29-33 , ,","place":["Budapest, Hungary, H-1121"]},{"name":"University of Pe\u0301cs , , Boszorka\u0301ny str. 2 , ,","place":["Pe\u0301cs, Hungary, H-7624"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zolta\u0301n","family":"Duda\u0301s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HUN-REN Centre for Energy Research , , Konkoly-Thege Miklo\u0301s str. 29-33 , ,","place":["Budapest, Hungary, H-1121"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2422-6106","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u0301zsef","family":"Kalma\u0301r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Debrecen , , Egyetem te\u0301r 1 , ,","place":["Debrecen, Hungary, H-4032"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantina","family":"Mergia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Scientific Research \u201cDemokritos\u201d , , Agia Paraskevi , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, 15341"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5166-8946","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Patrina","family":"Paraskevopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , , Panepistimiopolis Zografou , ,","place":["Athens, Greece, 15771"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3211","key":"2026081410123422000_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1038\/127741a0","article-title":"Coherent\nExpanded Aerogels and Jellies","volume":"127","author":"Kistler","year":"1931","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081410123422000_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1021\/j150361a006","article-title":"The Relation\nbetween Heat Conductivity and Structure in Silica Aerogel","volume":"39","author":"Kistler","year":"1935","journal-title":"J. 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