{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:53:30Z","timestamp":1793069610254,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,17]],"date-time":"2019-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccbyncnd_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["714744"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["714744"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VIDI 723.015.003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VIDI 723.015.003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Polymeric membranes are used on huge scales for kidney dialysis, wastewater treatment, and drinking water production. However, almost all polymeric membranes are fabricated by a process reliant on the use of unsustainable, expensive, and reprotoxic dipolar aprotic solvents. In this work, we propose an aqueous phase separation approach for preparing porous membrane films. Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP), a pH-responsive polymer, is first dissolved at low pH where the polymer is charged and subsequently cast as a thin film. Switching to a high pH where the polymer is uncharged and insoluble results in controlled phase separation and solidification of the polymer into porous membrane structures. This approach gives a large degree of control over membrane structure, leading to symmetric porous microfiltration membranes and asymmetric dense nanofiltration membranes. Moreover, the use of a pH-responsive polymer leads directly to a pH-responsive membrane, where the degree of responsive behavior can be tuned by the degree of cross-linking. Such responsive behavior allows effective cleaning of the membrane, without the use of harsh chemicals. This work outlines an approach toward preparing membranes in a more sustainable fashion\u2500an approach that allows control over the membrane structure and one that naturally leads to advanced membranes with responsive properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.9b01006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]],"date-time":"2019-12-03T10:45:12Z","timestamp":1575369912000},"page":"659-667","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Stimuli-Responsive\nMembranes through Sustainable Aqueous\nPhase Separation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1870-755X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Willott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. Box 217, ,","place":["Enschede, The Netherlands, 7500 AE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9590-4894","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wouter M.","family":"Nielen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. Box 217, ,","place":["Enschede, The Netherlands, 7500 AE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0133-1931","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wiebe M.","family":"de Vos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Twente , , P.O. Box 217, ,","place":["Enschede, The Netherlands, 7500 AE"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090400143410100_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1021\/ba-1963-0038.ch009","article-title":"Seawater demineralization by means of an osmotic membrane","volume":"38","author":"Loeb","year":"1963","journal-title":"Adv. Chem. 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