{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:40:41Z","timestamp":1786722041156,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715817600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/01\/COE\/07\/03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/01\/COE\/07\/03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR42520\/ATGC\/127\/138\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR42520\/ATGC\/127\/138\/2023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001409","name":"Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DST\/INT\/Iran\/P-01\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DST\/INT\/Iran\/P-01\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001409","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007488","name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007488","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007338","name":"All-India Institute of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is an arising need for effective wound dressings that retain the bioactivity of a cellular treatment, but without the high costs and complexities associated with manufacturing, storing, and applying cell-based products. As skin wound recovery is a dynamic and complicated process, a significant obstacle to the healing of skin wounds is the lack of an appropriate wound dressing that can imitate the microenvironment of healthy skin and prevent bacterial infection. It requires the well-orchestrated integration of biological and molecular events. In this study, we have fabricated full-thickness skin graft biocomposite membranes to target full-thickness skin excision wounds. We reinforced human amniotic membrane (hAM) with electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) to develop composite membranes, namely, PCL\/hAM and PCL\/hAM\/PCL. Composite membranes were compared for physical, biological, and mechanical properties with the native counterpart. PCL\/hAM and PCL\/hAM\/PCL displayed improved stability and delayed degradation, which further synergically improved the rapid wound healing property of hAM, driven primarily by wound closure analysis and histological assessment. Moreover, PCL\/hAM displayed a comparable cellular interaction to hAM. On application as a wound dressing, histological analysis demonstrated that hAM and PCL\/hAM promoted early epidermis and dermis formation. Studies on in vivo wound healing revealed that although hAM accelerates cell development, the overall wound healing process is similar in PCL\/hAM. This finding is further supported by the immunohistochemical analysis of COL-1\/COL-3, CD-31, and TGF-\u03b2. Overall, this conjugated PCL and hAM-based membrane has considerable potential to be applied in skin wound healing. The facile fabrication of the PCL\/hAM composite membrane provided the self-regenerating wound dressing with the desired mechanical strength as an ideal regenerative property for skin tissue regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.3c01740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T16:03:41Z","timestamp":1715875421000},"page":"3842-3854","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Modulating\nthe hAM\/PCL Biocomposite for Expedited\nWound Healing: A Chemical-Free Approach for Boosting Regenerative\nPotential"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"10","author":[{"family":"Pinky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences , , Ansari Nagar , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarushi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences , , Ansari Nagar , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E Pranshu","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences , , Ansari Nagar , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudheer","family":"Arava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences , , Ansari Nagar , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini K","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjeet","family":"Jassal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110016"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0047-4914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sujata","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All India Institute of Medical Sciences , , Ansari Nagar , ,","place":["New Delhi, India, 110029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"19","key":"2026081411101482400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2403","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2017-0173","article-title":"Can regenerative medicine and nanotechnology combine\nto heal wounds? The search for the ideal wound dressing","volume":"12","author":"Zarrintaj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"18","key":"2026081411101482400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201900764","article-title":"Bioinorganics and Wound\nHealing","volume":"8","author":"Dalisson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Healthcare Mater."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2018.09.001","article-title":"Effect of\norganic\/inorganic nanoparticles on performance\nof polyurethane nanocomposites for potential wound dressing applications","volume":"88","author":"Jafari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-70762014000100005","article-title":"Development\nof organic-inorganic\npolymeric film formers for controlled drug release and wound care","volume":"19","author":"Junior","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mate\u0301ria (Rio J.)"},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2017.04.005","article-title":"Amniotic\nmembrane application for the healing of chronic wounds and ulcers","volume":"59","author":"Castellanos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081411101482400_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.01.031","article-title":"The clinical\napplications of human\namnion in plastic surgery","volume":"67","author":"Fairbairn","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Plast., Reconstr.\nAesthet. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldv053","article-title":"Human amniotic\nmembrane grafts in therapy of chronic non-healing wounds","volume":"117","author":"Ilic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081411101482400_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2501","article-title":"Amniotic membrane stimulates cell\nmigration by modulating\ntransforming growth factor-\u03b2 signalling","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz-Can\u0303ada","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026081411101482400_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes11120941","article-title":"Using of Amniotic\nMembrane Derivatives for the Treatment of Chronic Wounds","volume":"11","author":"Schmiedova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/sctm.19-0101","article-title":"Amnion membrane hydrogel and amnion\nmembrane powder accelerate wound healing in a full thickness porcine\nskin wound model","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl. 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Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09957-5","article-title":"Development of an electrospun\npoly\u00ad(\u03b5-caprolactone)\/collagen-based human amniotic membrane\npowder scaffold for culturing retinal pigment epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Majidnia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081411101482400_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3109\/10837459809028504","article-title":"Stabilization\nof\ndichloromethane-induced protein denaturation during microencapsulation","volume":"3","author":"Raghuvanshi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pharm. Dev. 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Vision"},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.08.027","article-title":"Nanofiber-reinforced\ndecellularized\namniotic membrane improves limbal stem cell transplantation in a rabbit\nmodel of corneal epithelial defect","volume":"97","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081411101482400_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/aa999b","article-title":"Silk fibroin\/amniotic membrane 3D bi-layered artificial\nskin","volume":"13","author":"Gholipourmalekabadi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081411101482400_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3072","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10805","article-title":"The effect\nof amniotic membrane de-epithelialization method on its biological\nproperties and ability to promote limbal epithelial cell culture","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2020.108915","article-title":"Surface\npotential and roughness controlled\ncell adhesion and collagen formation in electrospun PCL fibers for\nbone regeneration","volume":"194","author":"Metwally","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Des"},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.104203","article-title":"Multiple Cues In Acellular Amniotic\nMembrane Incorporated Embelin For Tissue Engineering","volume":"33","author":"Varadaraj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Today Commun."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"2026081411101482400_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-016-0053-7","article-title":"Denudation of human\namniotic membrane by a novel process and its\ncharacterisations for biomedical applications","volume":"5","author":"Sripriya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/nano3010141","article-title":"Grafting of Polycaprolactone\non Oxidized Nanocelluloses by Click Chemistry","volume":"3","author":"Benkaddour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit29","first-page":"10815","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Analytical\nChemistry","author":"Coates","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2014.08.027","article-title":"Thermal analysis FTIR spectroscopy\nof poly\u00ad(\u03b5-caprolactone)","volume":"595","author":"Phillipson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.37358\/MP.20.2.5365","article-title":"Assessment of Antibiotic Influence\non Structural Modifications\nof Amniotic Membrane by FTIR Spectroscopy","volume":"57","author":"Roiu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater.\nPlast."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026081411101482400_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2018.322","article-title":"Evaluation of an Improved Chitosan\nScaffold Cross-Linked With Polyvinyl Alcohol and Amine Coupling Through\n1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethyl Aminopropyl)-Carbodiimide (EDC) and 2 N-Hydroxysuccinimide\n(NHS) for Corneal Applications","volume":"6","author":"Ali\nSeyed","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Access\nMaced. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S192699","article-title":"Electrospun polycaprolactone\/collagen\nnanofibers cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide\/N-hydroxysuccinimide\nand genipin facilitate endothelial cell regeneration and may be a\npromising candidate for vascular scaffolds","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomed."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026081411101482400_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1159\/000081637","article-title":"Biomechanical characterization\nof human amniotic membrane preparations for ocular surface reconstruction","volume":"36","author":"Chuck","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2041731419887833","article-title":"Collagen immobilization\non ultra-thin nanofiber membrane\nto promote in vitro endothelial monolayer formation","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2019.1626388","article-title":"Reinforcement\nof\namniotic membrane with fibrin coated poly-[Lactide-co-Glycolide-co-Caprolactone]\nterpolymer containing silver nanoparticles for potential wound healing\napplications","volume":"69","author":"Ramakrishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026081411101482400_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2010.532266","article-title":"Amniotic\nmembrane is an immunosuppressor of peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"40","author":"Garfias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunol. 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Biochem.\nCell Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081411101482400_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2012.0414","article-title":"A Snapshot\nof Direct Cell-Cell Communications in Wound Healing and Scarring","volume":"2","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"issue":"6189","key":"2026081411101482400_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242281","article-title":"Stem cell plasticity.\nPlasticity of epithelial stem cells in tissue\nregeneration","volume":"344","author":"Blanpain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.2.1.5884","article-title":"Cell colonization\nin degradable 3D porous matrices","volume":"2","author":"Lawrence","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Adhes.\nMigr."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceramint.2016.04.001","article-title":"Novel gamma\nirradiated agarose-gelatin-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffolds\nfor skin tissue regeneration","volume":"42","author":"Ramya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ceram. Int."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026081411101482400_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0590","article-title":"Crosslinking and mechanical properties\nsignificantly\ninfluence cell attachment, proliferation, and migration within collagen\nglycosaminoglycan scaffolds","volume":"17","author":"Haugh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part\nA"},{"issue":"27","key":"2026081411101482400_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21671","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-017-9788-5","article-title":"Interaction of different forms of\ngraphene with chicken embryo red blood cells","volume":"24","author":"Jaworski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"2026081411101482400_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8127570","article-title":"Conjugated Linoleic\nAcid Grafting Improved Hemocompatibility of the Polycaprolactone Electrospun\nMembrane","volume":"2020","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Polym. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026081411101482400_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11041089","article-title":"Correlation\nbetween\nCollagen Type I\/III Ratio and Scar Formation in Patients Undergoing\nImmediate Reconstruction with the Round Block Technique after Breast-Conserving\nSurgery","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsymp.5650004","article-title":"Role of TGF\u03b2-mediated\ninflammation in cutaneous wound healing","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\nInvest. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026081411101482400_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000001355","article-title":"Experimental study on effects of\nadipose-derived stem cell\u2013seeded\nsilk fibroin chitosan film on wound healing of a diabetic rat model","volume":"80","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Plast. Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026081411101482400_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0466","article-title":"The role of\nTGF\u03b2 signaling\nin wound epithelialization","volume":"3","author":"Ramirez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Wound care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026081411101482400_cit52","first-page":"58","article-title":"Immunity\nto homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted\nto the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber\nof the eye","volume":"29","author":"Medawar","year":"1948","journal-title":"B.r J. 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