{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:11:56Z","timestamp":1789017116493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":183,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":43,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R41 AG050021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R41 AG050021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR069668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR069668"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000147","name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1151605"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1151605"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000147","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cells within cartilaginous tissues are mechanosensitive and thus require mechanical loading for regulation of tissue homeostasis and metabolism. Mechanical loading plays critical roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, biosynthesis, and homeostasis. Inflammation is an important event occurring during multiple processes, such as aging, injury, and disease. Inflammation has significant effects on biological processes as well as mechanical function of cells and tissues. These effects are highly dependent on cell\/tissue type, timing, and magnitude. In this review, we summarize key findings pertaining to effects of inflammation on multiscale mechanical properties at subcellular, cellular, and tissue level in cartilaginous tissues, including alterations in mechanotransduction and mechanosensitivity. The emphasis is on articular cartilage and the intervertebral disc, which are impacted by inflammatory insults during degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis, joint pain, and back pain. To recapitulate the pro-inflammatory cascades that occur in vivo, different inflammatory stimuli have been used for in vitro and in situ studies, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), various interleukins (IL), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, this review will focus on the effects of these stimuli because they are the best studied pro-inflammatory cytokines in cartilaginous tissues. Understanding the current state of the field of inflammation and cell\/tissue biomechanics may potentially identify future directions for novel and translational therapeutics with multiscale biomechanical considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b00671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]],"date-time":"2017-01-24T17:58:45Z","timestamp":1485280725000},"page":"2644-2656","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effects of Inflammation on Multiscale Biomechanical\nProperties of Cartilaginous Cells and Tissues"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Q. T.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System , , , ,","place":["Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. D.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System , , , ,","place":["Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030"]},{"name":"Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Hempstead, New York, United States, 11549"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.O.","family":"Chahine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System , , , ,","place":["Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030"]},{"name":"Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine , , ,","place":["Hempstead, New York, United States, 11549"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026090300133444300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00034-8","article-title":"Patellar cartilage\ndeformation in vivo after static\nversus dynamic loading","volume":"33","author":"Eckstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. 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