{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T08:46:04Z","timestamp":1791794764933,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["5F32HL167570"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5F32HL167570"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["F31 HL170717-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 HL170717-02"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R01HL15829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL15829"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["R35GM138193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM138193"]}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF)","award":["MRSEC DMR-2308817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MRSEC DMR-2308817"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Matrix mechanics are central to vasculogenesis, yet stiffness is often confounded with ligand density or degradability in common hydrogel platforms. Here, we use norbornene-modified hyaluronic acid (NorHA) hydrogels to independently tune stiffness within a sub-kilopascal range (190\u2013884 Pa) relevant to embryonic vascular development and assess how stiffness regulates self-assembly of human iPSC-derived endothelial progenitors (hiPSC-EPs) into vascular networks, focusing on temporal dynamics of cellular mechanotransduction and contractility, leading to matrix displacement. EPs in intermediate-stiffness hydrogels (\u223c551 Pa) displayed the highest cell volume and surface area, increased nuclear Yes-associated protein (YAP), and elevated upstream phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), consistent with enhanced mechanotransduction signaling. However, despite high vinculin and pFAK expression, cells at this stiffness condition failed to form a robust, interconnected plexus. In contrast, the most compliant hydrogels (\u223c190 Pa) supported the most interconnected plexus assembly despite lower nuclear YAP, vinculin, and pFAK expression. ROCK inhibition reduced nuclear YAP, vinculin, and pFAK, confirming tension-dependent regulation, but did not rescue vasculogenesis at 551 Pa and instead impaired network formation at 190 Pa. Importantly, 3D traction microscopy revealed that hiPSC-EPs displayed the highest matrix displacement at this lowest storage modulus, suggesting that cell-generated traction forces and matrix deformability synergistically facilitate vascular morphogenesis. These results suggest that the plexus formation is promoted by matrix compliance that permits matrix displacement, rather than by elevated YAP-mediated mechanotransduction alone. Together, these findings establish a mechanically tunable framework to guide the design of next-generation hydrogels for therapeutic vascular regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6c00563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:01:56Z","timestamp":1790272916000},"page":"5566-5582","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Matrix Stiffness Regulates Mechanotransduction and Vascular Network Formation of hiPSC-Derived Endothelial Progenitors Encapsulated in 3D Hydrogels"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1781-6204","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jiwan","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3319-8450","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kathleen","family":"Halwachs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryce","family":"Larsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]},{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0207-7661","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrianne M.","family":"Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7089-7683","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Janet","family":"Zoldan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas at Austin , , , ,","place":["Austin, Texas, United States, 78712"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2026101202065892700_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.044","article-title":"Matrix Elasticity Directs Stem Cell Lineage Specification","volume":"126","author":"Engler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.06.016","article-title":"Control of Stem Cell Fate by Physical Interactions with the Extracellular Matrix","volume":"5","author":"Guilak","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101202065892700_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.87","article-title":"Mechanobiology of YAP and TAZ in Physiology and Disease","volume":"18","author":"Panciera","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/arb.v1.25247","article-title":"Matrix Stiffening in the Formation of Blood Vessels","volume":"1","author":"LaValley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Regen. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101202065892700_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(00)00233-9","article-title":"In Vitro Tubulogenesis of Endothelial Cells by Relaxation of the Coupling Extracellular Matrix-Cytoskeleton","volume":"49","author":"Deroanne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2026101202065892700_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s12195-008-0022-x","article-title":"A Balance of Substrate Mechanics and Matrix Chemistry Regulates Endothelial Cell Network Assembly","volume":"1","author":"Califano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Bioeng."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101202065892700_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-007-0046-1","article-title":"The Stiffness of Three-Dimensional Ionic Self-Assembling Peptide Gels Affects the Extent of Capillary-like Network Formation","volume":"49","author":"Sieminski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101202065892700_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-5424rev","article-title":"Cellular Mechanotransduction: Putting All the Pieces Together Again","volume":"20","author":"Ingber","year":"2006","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101202065892700_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000071347.69358.D9","article-title":"Signal Transduction Pathways Mediated by PECAM-1: New Roles for an Old Molecule in Platelet and Vascular Cell Biology","volume":"23","author":"Newman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arterioscler., Thromb., Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03959-6","article-title":"Matrix Stiffness Controls Lymphatic Vessel Formation through Regulation of a GATA2-Dependent Transcriptional Program","volume":"9","author":"Frye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101202065892700_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2045894018773044","article-title":"Substrate Stiffness-dependent Exacerbation of Endothelial Permeability and Inflammation: Mechanisms and Potential Implications in ALI and PH (2017 Grover Conference Series)","volume":"8","author":"Karki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21362","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Characterization of Mechanical Interactions between Endothelial Cells and Extracellular Matrix during Angiogenic Sprouting","volume":"6","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101202065892700_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613855114","article-title":"Matrix Stiffening Promotes a Tumor Vasculature Phenotype","volume":"114","author":"Bordeleau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026101202065892700_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194987","article-title":"Mechanical Aspects of Angiogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Kretschmer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101202065892700_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060589","article-title":"Microvascular Tissue Engineering\u2014A Review","volume":"9","author":"Vajda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101202065892700_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3061","DOI":"10.1039\/c005069e","article-title":"Matrix Density Mediates Polarization and Lumen Formation of Endothelial Sprouts in VEGF Gradients","volume":"10","author":"Shamloo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101202065892700_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-014-0987-7","article-title":"Integrated Effects of Matrix Mechanics and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) on Capillary Sprouting","volume":"42","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.08.007","article-title":"Tuning Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Stiffness Independently of Collagen Concentration Modulates Endothelial Cell Behavior","volume":"9","author":"Mason","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101202065892700_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1209","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01047.2006","article-title":"Mechanotransduction and Endothelial Cell Homeostasis: The Wisdom of the Cell","volume":"292","author":"Chien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.2741\/1673","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Mechanical Modulation of Endothelial Cell Migration","volume":"10","author":"Chien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147033","article-title":"Simvastatin Ameliorates Matrix Stiffness-Mediated Endothelial Monolayer Disruption","volume":"11","author":"Lampi","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101202065892700_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2017.06.033","article-title":"Stiff Substrates Increase Inflammation-Induced Endothelial Monolayer Tension and Permeability","volume":"113","author":"Urbano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2774","article-title":"Control of Lung Vascular Permeability and Endotoxin-Induced Pulmonary Oedema by Changes in Extracellular Matrix Mechanics","volume":"4","author":"Mammoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101202065892700_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-145102","article-title":"RhoA\/ROCK Signaling Is Essential for Multiple Aspects of VEGF-Mediated Angiogenesis","volume":"24","author":"Bryan","year":"2010","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54336-2","article-title":"Subendothelial Stiffness Alters Endothelial Cell Traction Force Generation While Exerting a Minimal Effect on the Transcriptome","volume":"9","author":"Bastounis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101202065892700_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.03.035","article-title":"The Relative Magnitudes of Endothelial Force Generation and Matrix Stiffness Modulate Capillary Morphogenesis in Vitro","volume":"297","author":"Sieminski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101202065892700_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.02.012","article-title":"Endothelial Actin and Cell Stiffness Is Modulated by Substrate Stiffness in 2D and 3D","volume":"42","author":"Byfield","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101202065892700_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000191547.64391.e3","article-title":"Endothelial Extracellular Matrix: Biosynthesis, Remodeling, and Functions During Vascular Morphogenesis and Neovessel Stabilization","volume":"97","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3791\/186","article-title":"Optimized Fibrin Gel Bead Assay for the Study of Angiogenesis","volume":"3","author":"Nakatsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101202065892700_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2017.0133","article-title":"Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells for Three-Dimensional Microphysiological Systems","volume":"23","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part C Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101202065892700_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-014-9549-5","article-title":"Human Vascular Tissue Models Formed from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Endothelial Cells","volume":"11","author":"Belair","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101202065892700_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.107.120774","article-title":"The Effect of Matrix Density on the Regulation of 3-D Capillary Morphogenesis","volume":"94","author":"Ghajar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026101202065892700_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2018.0274","article-title":"Quantifying the Vasculogenic Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Progenitors in Collagen Hydrogels","volume":"25","author":"Crosby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Tissue Eng., Part A"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101202065892700_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14050604","article-title":"Hydrogels with Ultrasound-Treated Hyaluronic Acid Regulate CD44-Mediated Angiogenic Potential of Human Vascular Endothelial Cells In Vitro","volume":"14","author":"Elvitigala","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101202065892700_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2011.03.024","article-title":"Fibronectin\u2013Hyaluronic Acid Composite Hydrogels for Three-Dimensional Endothelial Cell Culture","volume":"7","author":"Seidlits","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.12.041","article-title":"Phototunable Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels to Stimulate the Vasculogenesis of Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Progenitors","volume":"122","author":"Crosby","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122050","article-title":"A Combination of Matrix Stiffness and Degradability Dictate Microvascular Network Assembly and Remodeling in Cell-Laden Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels","volume":"295","author":"Friend","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101202065892700_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202201483","article-title":"Stiffening Matrix Induces Age-Mediated Microvascular Phenotype Through Increased Cell Contractility and Destabilization of Adherens Junctions","volume":"9","author":"Schnellmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101202065892700_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.08.005","article-title":"Hydrogel Network Dynamics Regulate Vascular Morphogenesis","volume":"27","author":"Wei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119634","article-title":"Cell-Mediated Matrix Stiffening Accompanies Capillary Morphogenesis in Ultra-Soft Amorphous Hydrogels","volume":"230","author":"Juliar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.02.012","article-title":"Sprouting Angiogenesis Induces Significant Mechanical Heterogeneities and ECM Stiffening across Length Scales in Fibrin Hydrogels","volume":"162","author":"Juliar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20966-1","article-title":"Evaluating the Potential of Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Form Microvascular Networks in 3D Cultures","volume":"8","author":"Bezenah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101202065892700_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37900","article-title":"Biofabrication and Characterization of Vascularizing PEG -Norbornene Microgels","volume":"113","author":"Friend","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101202065892700_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10059-012-2294-1","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Promotes Angiogenesis by Inducing RHAMM-TGF\u03b2 Receptor Interaction via CD44-PKC\u03b4","volume":"33","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2026101202065892700_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0481","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels Support Cord-Like Structures from Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells","volume":"17","author":"Yee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tissue Eng., Part A"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1006\/scdb.2000.0244","article-title":"Hyaluronan in Morphogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Toole","year":"2001","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101202065892700_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H41","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201003963","article-title":"Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications","volume":"23","author":"Burdick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101202065892700_cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.07.025","article-title":"Design of Cell\u2013Matrix Interactions in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Scaffolds","volume":"10","author":"Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470513774.ch12","article-title":"Novartis Foundation Symposia","author":"West","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03021-5","article-title":"Combinatorial Hydrogels with Biochemical Gradients for Screening 3D Cellular Microenvironments","volume":"9","author":"Vega","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2016915\/v1","article-title":"Matrix Stiffness-Induced Transcriptome Alterations and Regulatory Mechanisms Revealed by RNA-Seq in Endothelial Cells","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5908","key":"2026101202065892700_cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1163595","article-title":"Traction Dynamics of Filopodia on Compliant Substrates","volume":"322","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101202065892700_cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/NMAT3960","article-title":"Rigidity Sensing and Adaptation through Regulation of Integrin Types","volume":"13","author":"Elosegui-Artola","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2005.01491","article-title":"Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Fundamental Differences in iPS-Derived Progenitors of Endothelial Cells (PECs) versus Adult Circulating EPCs","author":"Jalilian","year":"2020","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s40883-025-00404-1","article-title":"Differentiation Protocol-Dependent Variability in hiPSC-Derived Endothelial Progenitor Functionality","volume":"11","author":"Stern","year":"2025","journal-title":"Regen. Eng. Transl. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101202065892700_cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201404993","article-title":"Nanofibrous Hydrogels with Spatially Patterned Biochemical Signals to Control Cell Behavior","volume":"27","author":"Wade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026101202065892700_cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5334","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.108.134874","article-title":"A Method Improving the Accuracy of Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching Analysis","volume":"95","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026101202065892700_cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10477","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.1c01752","article-title":"High-Throughput FRAP Analysis of Solute Diffusion in Hydrogels","volume":"54","author":"Richbourg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101202065892700_cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1039\/C2SM27303A","article-title":"Monitoring Degradation of Matrix Metalloproteinases-Cleavable PEG Hydrogels via Multiple Particle Tracking Microrheology","volume":"9","author":"Schultz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.453","article-title":"Scikit-Image: Image Processing in Python","volume":"2","author":"Walt","year":"2014","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit61","first-page":"129","article-title":"Meshlab: An Open-Source Mesh Processing Tool","author":"Cignoni","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2022.01.039","article-title":"Three-Dimensional Analysis of Hydrogel-Imbedded Aortic Valve Interstitial Cell Shape and Its Relation to Contractile Behavior","volume":"163","author":"Khang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2020.100417","article-title":"FM-Track: A Fiducial Marker Tracking Software for Studying Cell Mechanics in a Three-Dimensional Environment","volume":"11","author":"Lejeune","year":"2020","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026101202065892700_cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12601","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306562110","article-title":"Self-Organized Vascular Networks from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Synthetic Matrix","volume":"110","author":"Kusuma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101202065892700_cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbz003","article-title":"Mimicking the Physical Cues of the ECM in Angiogenic Biomaterials","volume":"6","author":"Crosby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4940041","article-title":"Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Endothelial Cells Mimicking Vascular Inflammatory Response under Flow","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026101202065892700_cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12774","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1310675110","article-title":"Generation of Functionally Competent and Durable Engineered Blood Vessels from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells","volume":"110","author":"Samuel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"38","key":"2026101202065892700_cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.08.089","article-title":"Synthesis and Orthogonal Photopatterning of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels with Thiol-Norbornene Chemistry","volume":"34","author":"Gramlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101202065892700_cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/NMAT3586","article-title":"Degradation-Mediated Cellular Traction Directs Stem Cell Fate in Covalently Crosslinked Three-Dimensional Hydrogels","volume":"12","author":"Khetan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026101202065892700_cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3791\/59342","article-title":"A Novel in Vitro 3D Model and Computational Pipeline to Quantify the Vasculogenic Potential of iPSC-Derived Endothelial Progenitors","volume":"147","author":"Crosby","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp. JoVE"},{"issue":"7350","key":"2026101202065892700_cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10137","article-title":"Role of YAP\/TAZ in Mechanotransduction","volume":"474","author":"Dupont","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101202065892700_cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.230425","article-title":"YAP\/TAZ Functions and Their Regulation at a Glance","volume":"133","author":"Pocaterra","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101202065892700_cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8954","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c13373","article-title":"Effects of Univariate Stiffness and Degradation of DNA Hydrogels on the Transcriptomics of Neural Progenitor Cells","volume":"145","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26454-x","article-title":"Mechanics-Driven Nuclear Localization of YAP Can Be Reversed by N-Cadherin Ligation in Mesenchymal Stem Cells","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-54577-4","article-title":"Matrix Stiffness Drives Drop like Nuclear Deformation and Lamin A\/C Tension-Dependent YAP Nuclear Localization","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7943","article-title":"Yes-Associated Protein Regulates Endothelial Cell Contact-Mediated Expression of Angiopoietin-2","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101202065892700_cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2015.48.8.146","article-title":"Roles of YAP in Mediating Endothelial Cell Junctional Stability and Vascular Remodeling","volume":"48","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMB Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101202065892700_cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15313","article-title":"Shifting the Optimal Stiffness for Cell Migration","volume":"8","author":"Bangasser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101202065892700_cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.9b01297","article-title":"Engineering Helical Modular Polypeptide-Based Hydrogels as Synthetic Extracellular Matrices for Cell Culture","volume":"21","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"42","key":"2026101202065892700_cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10887","DOI":"10.1039\/c2sm26487k","article-title":"Helix versus Coil Polypeptide Macromers: Gel Networks with Decoupled Stiffness and Permeability","volume":"8","author":"Oelker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"31","key":"2026101202065892700_cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6925","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB00683A","article-title":"Tuning Hydrogel Properties with Sequence-Defined, Non-Natural Peptoid Crosslinkers","volume":"8","author":"Morton","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101202065892700_cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4063436","article-title":"An Inverse Modeling Approach to Estimate Three-Dimensional Aortic Valve Interstitial Cell Stress Fiber Force Levels","volume":"145","author":"Khang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."}],"container-title":["ACS Biomaterials Science &amp; Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6c00563","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/abseba\/article-pdf\/12\/10\/5566\/68642690\/ab-2026-00563k.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/abseba\/article-pdf\/12\/10\/5566\/68642690\/ab-2026-00563k.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T08:09:55Z","timestamp":1791792595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/abseba\/article\/12\/10\/5566\/5437900\/Matrix-Stiffness-Regulates-Mechanotransduction-and"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6c00563","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-9878"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-9878","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]}}}