{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T08:49:15Z","timestamp":1791967755225,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Up to 25% of patients who have undergone disc microdiscectomy experience lumbar herniation recurrence due to the limited self-healing capability of the annulus fibrosus, with the potential for the continuous herniation of nucleolus pulposus under strain. Despite their potential, injectable hydrogels have primarily been suggested for nucleus pulposus replacement or regeneration. Herein, we introduce the concept of using an injectable and moderately adhesive hydrogel (TX) to physically obstruct the annulus fibrosus following disc microdiscectomy to prevent disc reherniation. The physico-mechanical characteristics of TX hydrogel were investigated within the context of lumbar disc application, and its injection volume for the intended application under a clinically relevant load, i.e., 0.5\u22121 kN, was optimized through an ex vivo bovine coccygeal spine model. Finally, the usability, efficacy, and safety of the hydrogel device were evaluated through an in vivo ovine study for disc microdiscectomy (five lumbar levels between lumbar (L) 1\u22122, L2\u22123, L3\u22124, L4\u22125, L5\u22126 in six animals). Overall, the sites treated with TX exhibited a reduced percentage of defect area and a greater degree of newly formed, organized tissue compared with untreated sites, suggesting the favorable application of TX to obstruct annulus fibrosus. The supporting role of the hydrogel is achieved as it withstands the mechanical forces and stabilizes the site to minimize the protrusion of nucleolus pulposus while providing an environment for sealing annulus fibrosus defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6c00646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T16:37:53Z","timestamp":1782146273000},"page":"3692-3705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Injectable, Moderately Adhesive, and Thermoresponsive Hydrogel for Preventing Disc Reherniation by Obstructing the Annulus Fibrosus"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-8251","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Farshad","family":"Oveissi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney , , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006"]},{"name":"Tetratherix Technology , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha E.","family":"Lean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4072"]},{"name":"University of Queensland , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Maleknia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tetratherix Technology , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Knox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tetratherix Technology , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gareth","family":"Nealon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Western Australia , , , ,","place":["Crawley, WA, Australia, 6009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terence","family":"Abrams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tetratherix Technology , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7805-8101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fariba","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney , , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie B.","family":"Engiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , , , ,","place":["Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, United States, 19348"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Ahern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Queensland , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4072"]},{"name":"University of Queensland , , , ,","place":["Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4072"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9985-8992","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ali","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney , , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2006"]},{"name":"Tetratherix Technology , , ,","place":["Sydney, NSW, Australia, 2015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026101319075117400_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.0734","article-title":"US Health Care Spending by Payer and Health Condition, 1996-2016","volume":"323","author":"Dieleman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101319075117400_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000002057","article-title":"The STarT Back Stratified Care Model for Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Model-Based Evaluation of Long-Term Cost-Effectiveness","volume":"162","author":"Hall","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026101319075117400_cit3","unstructured":"Australia Institute of Health and Welfare\n          . 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