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However, due to the inherent biological inertness of titanium mesh (TM), insufficient osteoinductive at the interface of TM remains a pressing issue to be addressed in alveolar bone reconstruction. Herein, silicon nitride nanofilms with low (SiN55), medium (SiN65), and high (SiN75) nitrogen contents were fabricated on TM substrates via reactive magnetron sputtering, exhibiting favorable hydrophilicity, superior corrosion resistance, and antibacterial activity. Moreover, the SiN65 nanofilms significantly promoted the macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the pro-regenerative M2 phenotype and enhanced osteogenic differentiation through immune regulation of macrophages in co-culture assays. Mechanistically, RNA-eq analysis revealed that the SiN65 nanofilms modulated macrophage differentially expressed genes and reprogrammed the protein\u2212protein interaction network, accompanied by downregulation of TNF, JAK-STAT, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Additionally, the SiN65 nanofilms promoted bone regeneration in rat calvarial defect models. This study presents the SiN65 nanofilms as a rationally engineered coating integrating immunomodulatory and osteogenic functions, effectively mitigating peri-implant fibrosis and providing a promising strategy to improve the long-term outcomes of TM-GBR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6c00830","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T19:02:08Z","timestamp":1788980528000},"page":"5662-5681","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Silicon Nitride Nanofilm Functionalized Titanium Mesh for Boosting Osseointegration by Macrophage-Related Immunomodulation"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fang","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]},{"name":"The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, College of Stomatology, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology , , ,","place":["Baotou, China, 014010"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianming","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanmeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongmiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heyang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University . ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 210029"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0261-3578","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast University , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 211189"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-004X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chunbo","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Research, Prevention and Treatment for Oral Diseases (Nanjing Medical University), Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine (Nanjing Medical University) , , ,","place":["Nanjing, China, 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