{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:23Z","timestamp":1792784783629,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000011","name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R24GM154186"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R24GM154186"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Chan Zuckerberg BioHub - San Francisco","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02qenvm24","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award","award":["F32HL162424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F32HL162424"]}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R01AI123400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI123400"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["R01AI155602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI155602"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["U01AI166309"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01AI166309"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIAID","award":["U54AI170792"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54AI170792"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/043z4tv69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The remarkable and problematic capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to persist in the host is dependent on a functional 20S proteasome that is structurally and functionally analogous to its mammalian counterpart. It has been proposed that this enzyme is critical for the bacterium\u2019s adaptive response to a variety of stressors in the host. Here, we report the structure of a rationally designed and species-selective inhibitor of the Mtb 20S proteasome in complex with the enzyme. The inhibitor was inspired by the syringolin natural products\u2014covalent proteasome inhibitors that mimic a substrate. Structure elucidation of the Mtb 20S proteasome-inhibitor adduct via cryo-electron microscopy revealed that the inhibitor mimics a substrate yet engages the active site in a different fashion than the syringolin natural products. Corroboration of this model via the synthesis of hypothetical inhibitors led to the discovery of a more potent inhibitor, as evidenced in kinetic assays for enzyme inhibition. Both inhibitors are permeable to and active in M. tuberculosis. They sensitize the bacterium to chemically and pharmacologically induced nitrosative stress in vitro. Importantly, they suppress the persistence of live mycobacteria in murine and human macrophages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.6c00448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T23:01:54Z","timestamp":1786575714000},"page":"2275-2285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Substrate Mimicry by Inhibitors of the\n                    <i>\n                      <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    <\/i>\n                    20S Proteasome and Their Activity against Mycobacteria\n                    <i>In Vitro<\/i>\n                    and in Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-7958","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xilin","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Rowheder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zanlin","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94143"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0400-6146","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexander","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94143"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shichun","family":"Lun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21231"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuju","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine , , 1300 York Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine , , 1300 York Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas L.","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-108X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tyler C.","family":"Detomasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F. Torres","family":"Pomares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94143"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6125-3154","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason E.","family":"Gestwicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]},{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4797-7073","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine , , 1300 York Avenue , , ,","place":["New York, New York, United States, 10065"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Bishai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , , , ,","place":["Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21231"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel D.","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94143"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifan","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94143"]},{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94143"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7704-9185","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles S.","family":"Craik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6263-7902","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jason K.","family":"Sello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, San Francisco , , , ,","place":["San Francisco, California, United States, 94158"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101511061464500_cit1","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2025","journal-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2025"},{"key":"2026101511061464500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2020.101574","article-title":"Drug resistant Tuberculosis: A review","volume":"74","author":"Khawbung","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. 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Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"5652","key":"2026101511061464500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1091176","article-title":"The proteasome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for resistance to nitric oxide","volume":"302","author":"Darwin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101511061464500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.024","article-title":"Host evasion and exploitation schemes of Mycobacterium\u00a0tuberculosis","volume":"159","author":"Cambier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101511061464500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819468116","article-title":"The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pup-proteasome system regulates nitrate metabolism through an essential protein quality control pathway","volume":"116","author":"Becker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. 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Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101511061464500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.200900411","article-title":"Syringolin A selectively labels the 20S proteasome in murine EL4 and wild-type and bortezomib-adapted leukaemic cell lines","volume":"10","author":"Clerc","year":"2009","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026101511061464500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6507","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901982106","article-title":"Synthetic and structural studies on syringolin A and B reveal critical determinants of selectivity and potency of proteasome inhibition","volume":"106","author":"Clerc","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. 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