{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:08:28Z","timestamp":1790690908091,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006264","name":"RIKEN","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006264","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004189","name":"Max-Planck-Gesellschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) are complex glycolipids present on the surfaces of Plasmodium parasites that may act as toxins during the progression of malaria. GPIs can activate the immune system during infection and induce the formation of anti-GPI antibodies that neutralize their activity. Therefore, an antitoxic vaccine based on GPI glycoconjugates may prevent malaria pathogenesis. To evaluate the role of three key modifications on Plasmodium GPI glycan in the activity of these glycolipids, we synthesized and investigated six structurally distinct GPI fragments from Plasmodium falciparum. The synthetic glycans were conjugated to the CRM197 carrier protein and were tested for immunogenicity and efficacy as antimalarial vaccine candidates in an experimental cerebral malaria model using C57BL\/6JRj mice. Protection may be dependent on both the antibody and the cellular immune response to GPIs, and the elicited immune response depends on the orientation of the glycan, the number of mannoses in the structure, and the presence of the phosphoethanolamine and inositol units. This study provides insights into the epitopes in GPIs and contributes to the development of GPI-based antitoxin vaccine candidates against cerebral malaria.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.9b00739","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T14:55:17Z","timestamp":1569941717000},"page":"171-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Immunological Evaluation of Synthetic Glycosylphosphatidylinositol\nGlycoconjugates as Vaccine Candidates against Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ankita","family":"Malik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , Am Mu\u0308hlenberg 1 , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , Arnimallee 22 , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fridolin","family":"Steinbeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , Am Mu\u0308hlenberg 1 , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Carillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , Am Mu\u0308hlenberg 1 , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3394-8466","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peter H.","family":"Seeberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , Am Mu\u0308hlenberg 1 , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , Arnimallee 22 , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Lepenies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , Am Mu\u0308hlenberg 1 , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , Arnimallee 22 , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]},{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover , , Bu\u0308nteweg 17 , ,","place":["Hannover, Germany, 30559"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2804-1923","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Daniel","family":"Varo\u0301n Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , , Am Mu\u0308hlenberg 1 , ,","place":["Potsdam, Germany, 14476"]},{"name":"Freie Universita\u0308t Berlin , , Arnimallee 22 , ,","place":["Berlin, Germany, 14195"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01043-6","article-title":"The global\ndistribution and population at risk of malaria: past, present, and\nfuture","volume":"4","author":"Hay","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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Sci."},{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.121.2.566","article-title":"Subclass restriction of murine anti-carbohydrate antibodies","volume":"121","author":"Perlmutter","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.5.1367","article-title":"Induction of IgG3 secretion by interferon\ngamma: a model for T cell-independent class switching in response\nto T cell-independent type 2 antigens","volume":"175","author":"Snapper","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp.\nMed."},{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2535","article-title":"A mechanism for glycoconjugate vaccine\nactivation of the adaptive immune system and its implications for\nvaccine design","volume":"17","author":"Avci","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. 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Med."},{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1086\/367897","article-title":"Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses\nto Plasmodium falciparum glycosylphosphatidylinositols are short-lived\nand predominantly of the IgG3 subclass","volume":"187","author":"Boutlis","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect.\nDis."},{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6428","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.10.6428","article-title":"Glycosylphosphatidylinositol\nAnchors\nRepresent the Major Carbohydrate Modification in Proteins of Intraerythrocytic\nStage Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"272","author":"Gowda","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Biol. 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Parasitol."},{"key":"2026092909124850300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201300785","article-title":"Defined conjugation\nof glycans to the lysines of CRM197 guided by their reactivity mapping","volume":"15","author":"Crotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"}],"container-title":["ACS Chemical Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acschembio.9b00739","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acbcct\/article-pdf\/15\/1\/171\/67280738\/acschembio.9b00739.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acbcct\/article-pdf\/15\/1\/171\/67280738\/acschembio.9b00739.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:33:28Z","timestamp":1790688808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/acbcct\/article\/15\/1\/171\/798158\/Immunological-Evaluation-of-Synthetic"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschembio.9b00739","relation":{},"ISSN":["1554-8929","1554-8937"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1554-8929","type":"print"},{"value":"1554-8937","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]]}}}