{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:46:38Z","timestamp":1792784798564,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007899","name":"University of Arizona","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007899","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015283","name":"Bloomberg Philanthropies","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015283","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020045","name":"High Tide Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020045","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008118","name":"Grantham Foundation for the Protection of the Environment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008118","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Orbiting Carbon Observatory Science Team"},{"name":"California Air Resources Board (CARB)","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/021h56y19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NASA Carbon Monitoring System program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Globally, over 140 billion cubic meters of natural gas are flared each year, according to the VIIRS Nightfire (VNF) data product derived from satellite observations by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), the most widely used instrument for global flare monitoring. Although VIIRS routinely tracks global flaring activity through nighttime observations, its coarse spatial resolution limits the ability to attribute flares to specific facilities or operators. Here, we present flare detection and quantification using high spatial resolution imaging spectrometers. We demonstrate that NASA\u2019s Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) is capable of detecting flares at individual flare stacks with a probability of detection (POD) comparable to that of VIIRS. We further attribute the detected flare stacks in the Permian Basin during 2023 to individual operators and evaluate EMIT\u2019s potential to estimate annual flared gas volumes at the operator level. We find good correspondence between the EMIT-observed radiant heat values and reported annual flared gas volume on the operator level. Despite limited temporal sampling relative to VIIRS, EMIT achieves accuracy comparable to VIIRS-based annual flaring estimates, while providing operator-level attribution. This highlights the value of high-resolution imaging spectrometers in regulatory and mitigation efforts by adding insights at the operator level that can complement existing VIIRS observations, enabling more comprehensive flare monitoring and analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsestair.6c00181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:43:46Z","timestamp":1784738626000},"page":"2187-2195","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facility-Scale Detection and Quantification of Gas\nFlaring Using Imaging Spectrometers"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7780-0685","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jinsol","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carbon Mapper Inc , , ,","place":["Pasadena, California, United States, 91101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H.","family":"Cusworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carbon Mapper Inc , , ,","place":["Pasadena, California, United States, 91101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3678-7434","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bradley M.","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carbon Mapper Inc , , ,","place":["Pasadena, California, United States, 91101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riley M.","family":"Duren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carbon Mapper Inc , , ,","place":["Pasadena, California, United States, 91101"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092117071663500_cit1","unstructured":"What is Gas Flaring?. https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/gasflaringreduction\/gas-flaring-explained. accessed 21 November 2024."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026092117071663500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.3c00613","article-title":"Fence-Line Spectroscopic\nMeasurements Suggest Carry-Over of Salt-Laden Aerosols into Flare\nSystems Is Common","volume":"10","author":"Milani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"2026092117071663500_cit3","unstructured":"Global Gas Flaring Tracker Report: 2025; 2025. www.worldbank.org."},{"issue":"6614","key":"2026092117071663500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abq0385","article-title":"Inefficient\nand Unlit Natural Gas Flares Both Emit Large Quantities of Methane","volume":"377","author":"Plant","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026092117071663500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4423","DOI":"10.3390\/rs5094423","article-title":"VIIRS Nightfire:\nSatellite Pyrometry at Night","volume":"5","author":"Elvidge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026092117071663500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11040395","article-title":"Extending\nNighttime Combustion Source Detection Limits with Short Wavelength\nVIIRS Data","volume":"11","author":"Elvidge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026092117071663500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/en9010014","article-title":"Methods for\nGlobal Survey of Natural Gas Flaring from Visible Infrared Imaging\nRadiometer Suite Data","volume":"9","author":"Elvidge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"17","key":"2026092117071663500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.3390\/en18174765","article-title":"An Improved Calibration\nfor Satellite Estimation of\nFlared Gas Volumes from VIIRS Nighttime Data","volume":"18","author":"Zhizhin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2026092117071663500_cit9","unstructured":"Flaring Accountability:\nglobal Gas Flaring by Major Oil and Gas Companies\nand Their Partners; 2024. www.catf.us."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026092117071663500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.3390\/rs18020314","article-title":"VIIRSNightfire\nSuper-Resolution Method for Multiyear Cataloging of Natural Gas Flaring\nSites: 2012\u20132025","volume":"18","author":"Zhizhin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"2026092117071663500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2023.103534","article-title":"An Approach to Detect\nGas Flaring Sites Using Sentinel-2 MSI and NOAA-20 VIIRS Images","volume":"124","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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Commun."},{"key":"2026092117071663500_cit23","unstructured":"Dataset: 2012\u20132024 Flare Volume Estimates\nby Individual Flare\nLocation. https:\/\/thedocs.worldbank.org\/en\/doc\/d01b4aebd8a10513c0e341de5e1f652e-0400072024\/related\/2012-2023-individual-flare-volume-estimates.xlsx. accessed 05 October 2025."},{"issue":"22","key":"2026092117071663500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6933","DOI":"10.5194\/amt-18-6933-2025","article-title":"The Carbon Mapper Emissions Monitoring\nSystem","volume":"18","author":"Duren","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmos. Meas. 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