{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:18:03Z","timestamp":1788383883144,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004115","name":"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hannover","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004115","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006260","name":"Technion-Israel Institute of Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006260","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/na","name":"Israel Innovation Autority","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/na","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is a demonstrated and paramount need for rapid, reliable infectious disease diagnostics, particularly those for invasive fungal infections. Current clinical determinations for an appropriate antifungal therapy can take up to 3 days using current antifungal susceptibility testing methods, a time-to-readout that can prove detrimental for immunocompromised patients and promote the spread of antifungal resistant pathogens. Herein, we demonstrate the application of intensity-based reflectometric interference spectroscopic measurements (termed iPRISM) on microstructured silicon sensors for use as a rapid, phenotypic antifungal susceptibility test. This diagnostic platform optically tracks morphological changes of fungi corresponding to conidia growth and hyphal colonization at a solid\u2013liquid interface in real time. Using Aspergillus niger as a model fungal pathogen, we can determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of clinically relevant antifungals within 12 h. This assay allows for expedited detection of fungal growth and provides a label-free alternative to broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods, with the potential to be used for point-of-care diagnostics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T11:04:08Z","timestamp":1600167848000},"page":"2560-2566","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of\n                    <i>Aspergillus niger<\/i>\n                    on Silicon Microwells by Intensity-Based Reflectometric\nInterference Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Heuer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]},{"name":"Leibniz University Hannover , , ,","place":["Hannover, Germany, 30167"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2461-6822","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Heidi","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadav","family":"Nitzan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariella","family":"Lavy-Alperovitch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8964-9997","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naama","family":"Massad-Ivanir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Scheper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz University Hannover , , ,","place":["Hannover, Germany, 30167"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9472-754X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ester","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddtec.2014.02.005","article-title":"Overcoming Antifungal Resistance","volume":"11","author":"Srinivasan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Discovery Today: Technol."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161001-00001","article-title":"An Overview of Fungal Infections","volume":"61","author":"Garber","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00239","article-title":"Candida auris the Canary in the Mine\nof Antifungal Drug Resistance","volume":"5","author":"Montoya","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Infect. Dis."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2016.00011","article-title":"Emerging Threats in Antifungal-Resistant\nFungal Pathogens","volume":"3","author":"Sanglard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090216342311800_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033818","article-title":"Rapid Susceptibility\nTesting and Microcolony Analysis of Candida Spp. Cultured and Imaged\non Porous Aluminum Oxide","volume":"7","author":"Ingham","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026090216342311800_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2017.03.025","article-title":"New Approaches\nfor Antifungal Susceptibility Testing","volume":"23","author":"Sanguinetti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin.\nMicrobiol. Infect."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090216342311800_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2202","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b00900","article-title":"Recent Advances in the Race to Design a Rapid Diagnostic Test for\nAntimicrobial Resistance","volume":"3","author":"Leonard","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit8","volume-title":"EUCAST Definitive\nDocument E.DEF 9.3.1","author":"Arendrup","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090216342311800_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00313-13","article-title":"Next-Generation Antimicrobial Susceptibility\nTesting","volume":"51","author":"van Belkum","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090216342311800_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2017.37.6.475","article-title":"Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption\nIonization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Microbiology:\nWhat Are the Current Issues?","volume":"37","author":"van Belkum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090216342311800_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07556-5","article-title":"Molecular Diagnostics in Medical Mycology","volume":"9","author":"Wickes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090216342311800_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbr.2018.06.001","article-title":"Flow Cytometry and FACS Applied to\nFilamentous Fungi","volume":"33","author":"Bleichrodt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Biol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090216342311800_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00338-17","article-title":"Antifungal Susceptibility\nTesting of Malassezia Spp. with an Optimized Colorimetric Broth Microdilution\nMethod","volume":"55","author":"Leong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090216342311800_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2013.06.004","article-title":"Activity of\nAntifungal Combinations against Aspergillus Species Evaluated by Isothermal\nMicrocalorimetry","volume":"77","author":"Furustrand Tafin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect.\nDis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090216342311800_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006154","article-title":"Neutrophil Interactions\nStimulate Evasive Hyphal Branching by Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"13","author":"Ellett","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3666","article-title":"High-throughput measurement of single-cell\ngrowth rates using serial microfluidic mass sensor arrays","volume":"34","author":"Cermak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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Mycol."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-69-2-185","article-title":"The Production of Conidiophores and\nConidia by Newly Germinated Conidia of Aspergillus niger (Microcycle\nConidiation)","volume":"69","author":"Anderson","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.12.024","article-title":"Recent Advances in Microfluidic Devices\nfor Bacteria and Fungus Research","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC, Trends\nAnal. Chem."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01040034","article-title":"Germination\nof concentrated suspensions of spores from Aspergillus niger","volume":"11","author":"Barrios-Gonzalez","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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Chemother."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit27","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.\n           (2020)  Routine and extended internal quality\ncontrol for MIC determination and agar dilution for yeasts and moulds\nas recommended by EUCAST, version 4.0, http:\/\/www.eucast.org."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit28","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.\n           (2012)  Voriconazole and Aspergillus spp.: Rationale\nfor the clinical breakpoints, version 1.0, http:\/\/www.eucast.org."},{"key":"2026090216342311800_cit29","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.\n           (2012)  Amphotericin B and Aspergillus spp.: Rationale\nfor the clinical breakpoints, version 1.0, http:\/\/www.eucast.org."}],"container-title":["ACS Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00234","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aidcbc\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/2560\/67004634\/acsinfecdis.0c00234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aidcbc\/article-pdf\/6\/10\/2560\/67004634\/acsinfecdis.0c00234.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T20:34:29Z","timestamp":1788381269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aidcbc\/article\/6\/10\/2560\/614098\/Antifungal-Susceptibility-Testing-of-Aspergillus"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00234","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/804385","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2373-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]}}}