{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T07:51:39Z","timestamp":1793692299789,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/T041811\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T041811\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011693","name":"Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, UK Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000691","name":"Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SBF005\/1096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBF005\/1096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203134\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203134\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACS Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T17:17:13Z","timestamp":1697044633000},"page":"2062-2071","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Small-Molecule Antibiotic Drug Development: Need and Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Megan","family":"Bergkessel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-5880","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Barbara","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Discovery Unit and Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5238-1314","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ian H.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Discovery Unit and Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, U.K."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","unstructured":"World Health Organization, Thirteenth General Programme of Work 2019\u20132023; 2019."},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2019.10.008"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2017-000571"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq044"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"Thomas, D.; Wessel, C. BIO Industry Analysis: The State of Innovation in Antibacterial Therapeutics; 2022."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00343"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","unstructured":"CARB-X Complete Portfolio, as of 3\/13\/23. https:\/\/carb-x.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/CARB-X-Pipeline-2023.3.13.pdf (accessed 6 April 2023)."},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.056"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.102190"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","volume-title":"GBD Compare Data Visualization","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","volume-title":"The 20th Century Mortality Files","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","volume-title":"Mortality Statistics 1900 to 1904","author":"North, S. N. D.","year":"1906"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","first-page":"849","volume":"48","author":"Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR Weekly"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2052814"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.1.61"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00280-1"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","unstructured":"IMHE Death Rate from Tuberculosis. https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/grapher\/tuberculosis-death-rates (accessed March 8)."},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30540-6"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0613"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz364"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00122-5"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11030419"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001093"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1244705"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-041320-031627"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-50-13773"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)74210-3"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.01.005"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00836-1"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa625"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaj2191"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.53886"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01150-7"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0340-0"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","volume-title":"2019 Antibacterial Agents in Clinical Development: an analysis of the antibacterial clinical development pipeline","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1166"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","unstructured":"Carr, A.; Stringer, J.; Shen, J. Antibiotic and Antifungal Update, 2020."},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2020.02.006"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02884-3"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3601"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-023-00793-w"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-022-00786-1"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac038"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab887"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.7b00208"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2201"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4572"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2016.06.044"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00297-7"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.10.002"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar7981"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2016.03.035"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-14"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501552x"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.01.021"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.1c01984"},{"key":"ref100\/cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-020-00674-6"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1791-1"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab124"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00773-6"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1512057112"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007511"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-020518-115650"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00836-17"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08190-x"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20112783"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2015.09.003"},{"key":"ref70\/cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24030378"},{"key":"ref71\/cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261267"},{"key":"ref72\/cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01763-21"},{"key":"ref73\/cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01983-20"},{"key":"ref74\/cit74","volume-title":"Target product profiles for needed antibacterial agents: enteric fever, gonorrhoea, neonatal sepsis, urinary tract infections and meeting report","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref75\/cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix320"},{"key":"ref76\/cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2019.1660772"},{"key":"ref77\/cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.2c00532"},{"key":"ref78\/cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2020.08.015"},{"key":"ref79\/cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1085946"},{"key":"ref80\/cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06253-x"},{"key":"ref81\/cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0278-9"},{"key":"ref82\/cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac323"},{"key":"ref83\/cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9070418"},{"key":"ref84\/cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.201991"},{"key":"ref85\/cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00303-2"},{"key":"ref86\/cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-080219-122208"},{"key":"ref87\/cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux012"},{"key":"ref88\/cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2021.07.017"}],"container-title":["ACS Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00189","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00189","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T09:14:30Z","timestamp":1699607670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00189"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00189"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00189","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-8227","2373-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8227","type":"print"},{"value":"2373-8227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]}}}