{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T01:46:33Z","timestamp":1792547193451,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA009582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA009582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01 Bx002198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01 Bx002198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 AI149863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 AI149863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31 AI174684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31 AI174684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI170546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI170546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 GM126363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 GM126363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACS Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T11:33:47Z","timestamp":1760009627000},"page":"3093-3105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Mechanism of Action of Gepotidacin: Well-Balanced Dual-Targeting against\n                    <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/i>\n                    Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV in Cells and In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4629-7642","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alexandria A.","family":"Oviatt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry","place":["Nashville, United States"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","place":["Nashville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4077-1016","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jessica A.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry","place":["Nashville, United States"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","place":["Nashville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea A.","family":"Mann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry","place":["Nashville, United States"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","place":["Nashville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research","place":["Collegeville, United States"]},{"name":"GSK","place":["Collegeville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Mattern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research","place":["Collegeville, United States"]},{"name":"GSK","place":["Collegeville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0789-632X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pan F.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research, Vaccines Research and Development Infectious Diseases Research","place":["Collegeville, United States"]},{"name":"GSK","place":["Collegeville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2550-4884","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Neil","family":"Osheroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Biochemistry and Medicine (Hematology\/Oncology)","place":["Nashville, United States"]},{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Medicine","place":["Nashville, United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00010-14"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.169"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","volume-title":"Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0128-6"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection)"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n                      WHO Bacterial Priority\nPathogens List, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance\nto guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control\nantimicrobial resistance\n                      ; World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland, 2024. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/376776\/9789240093461-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","unstructured":"Koebler, J.\n                      World Health Organization warns gonorrhea could join HIV as \u201cuncurable\u201d\n                      . U.S. News and World Report, 2012. https:\/\/www.usnews.com\/news\/articles\/2012\/06\/06\/world-health-organization-warns-gonorrhea-could-join-hiv-as-uncurable- (accessed Nov 12, 2023)."},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:82532","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2019","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/eoph.5.4.829.30157"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","first-page":"332","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00338386"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi5000564"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-78538-7_16","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in the 21st Century","author":"Gibson E. G.","year":"2018","edition":"2"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00128"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-061809-100002"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16031-9_20","volume-title":"Knots, Low-Dimensional Topology and Applications","author":"Ashley R. E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235662"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.202000286"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","volume-title":"Health, United States, 2020\u20132021: Annual Perspective","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2023"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00171-3"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","unstructured":"World\nHealth Organization.\n                      WHO Guidelines for the Treatment\nof Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                      , 2025."},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09197"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501174m"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlae127"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","unstructured":"GlaxoSmithKline. A phase III, randomized,\nmulticenter, open-label\nstudy in adolescent and adult participants comparing the efficacy\nand safety of gepotidacin to ceftriaxone plus azithromycin in the\ntreatment of uncomplicated urogenital gonorrhea caused by\n                      Neisseria gonorrhoeae\n                      . ClinicalTrials.gov: 2022."},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad060"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02196-7"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","unstructured":"GlaxoSmithKline. Gepotidacin accepted for priority review\nby US FDA for treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections\nin female adults and adolescents, 2024. https:\/\/www.gsk.com\/en-gb\/media\/press-releases\/gepotidacin-accepted-for-priority-review-by-us-fda-for-treatment-of-uncomplicated-urinary-tract-infections-in-female-adults-and-adolescents\/ (accessed Oct 16, 2024)."},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41573-025-00064-4"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.\n                      MHRA approves UK\u2019s first new type of antibiotic\nfor urinary\ntract infections in nearly 30 years\n                      , 2025. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/mhra-approves-uks-first-new-type-of-antibiotic-for-urinary-tract-infections-in-nearly-30-years (accessed Aug 28, 2025)."},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00628-2"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00680-4"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","unstructured":"GlaxoSmithKline.\n                      Gepotidacin accepted for priority\nreview by the US FDA for the oral treatment of uncomplicated urogenital\ngonorrhea\n                      , 2025. https:\/\/us.gsk.com\/en-us\/media\/press-releases\/gepotidacin-accepted-for-priority-review-by-the-us-fda-for-the-oral-treatment-of-uncomplicated-urogenital-gonorrhea\/ (accessed Aug 11, 2025)."},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.8b00315"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12914-y"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.3c00346"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01297.x"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04077-14"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00207-19"},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.5.1949-1956.2005"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00041"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2014.04.007"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.2.471"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.2810"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12830"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2017.09.003"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.25.11801"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01221-18"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically: approved standard","author":"CLSI","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00468-17"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/SH18225"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","first-page":"165","volume-title":"Antibacterials: Vol. I","author":"Basarab G. S.","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1525055113"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi2013905"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04456-14"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.663534"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00021"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.4c00438"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1892"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.8b00035"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.9b00805"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512107"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00482-23"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)67607-0"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology10111166"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn466"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08974"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr018"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt124"},{"key":"ref70\/cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky162"},{"key":"ref71\/cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.3.734-738.2001"},{"key":"ref72\/cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1439-1"},{"key":"ref73\/cit73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkae217"},{"key":"ref74\/cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.11.3112-3117.2000"},{"key":"ref75\/cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.2.413-419.2002"},{"key":"ref76\/cit76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/314056"},{"key":"ref77\/cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00247-08"},{"key":"ref78\/cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10048"},{"key":"ref79\/cit79","author":"Global Antibiotics Research and Development Partnership","year":"2019","journal-title":"A multi-center, randomized, open-label, non inferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single, oral dose of zoliflodacin compared to a combination of a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone and a single oral dose of azithromycin in the treatment of patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea"},{"key":"ref80\/cit80","unstructured":"Global Antibiotics Research and Development Partnership.\n                      Positive results announced in largest pivotal phase 3 trial\nof a\nfirst-in-class oral antibiotic to treat uncomplicated gonorrhoea\n                      , 2023. https:\/\/gardp.org\/positive-results-announced-in-largest-pivotal-phase-3-trial-of-a-first-in-class-oral-antibiotic-to-treat-uncomplicated-gonorrhoea\/ (accessed Nov 10, 2023)."},{"key":"ref81\/cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04964.x"},{"key":"ref82\/cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc04a02s23"},{"key":"ref83\/cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.EI10-0009-2015"},{"key":"ref84\/cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06424.x"},{"key":"ref85\/cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00821-18"},{"key":"ref86\/cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01104-08"},{"key":"ref87\/cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi991791o"},{"key":"ref88\/cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(78)90310-0"},{"key":"ref89\/cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx649"},{"key":"ref90\/cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.28.17879"}],"container-title":["ACS Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T09:12:29Z","timestamp":1763111549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.5c00497","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-8227","2373-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8227","type":"print"},{"value":"2373-8227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]]}}}