{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T17:19:23Z","timestamp":1793035163976,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ACS Infect. Dis."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T23:53:14Z","timestamp":1779839594000},"page":"1852-1865","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Future of Protozoan Infection Research: 3D Cell Culture and beyond"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Sarah Beatriz","family":"de Fucio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abel","family":"Sana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatriz","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Carlos Chagas Institute","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ-PR)","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nusrat","family":"Sattar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Charleaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Federal University of Paran\u00e1","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jameel","family":"Inal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Human Sciences, Cell Communication in Disease Pathology","place":["London, U.K."]},{"name":"London Metropolitan University","place":["London, U.K."]},{"name":"University of Hertfordshire School of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences","place":["Hatfield, U.K."]},{"name":"University of Hertfordshire","place":["Hatfield, U.K."]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-1954","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcel","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carlos Chagas Institute","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, (FIOCRUZ-PR)","place":["Curitiba, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5495-8167","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Izadora Volpato","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Parasitology and Pathology","place":["Londrina, Brazil"]},{"name":"State University of Londrina","place":["Londrina, Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1\/cit1","volume-title":"Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology","author":"Horan N. P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref2\/cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70425"},{"key":"ref3\/cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.91561"},{"key":"ref4\/cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31514\/rliberato.2023v24n41.p39"},{"key":"ref5\/cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.079509"},{"key":"ref6\/cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00036.2016"},{"key":"ref7\/cit7","volume-title":"Ending the Neglect to Attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A Road Map for Neglected Tropical Diseases 2021\u20132030","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref8\/cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00006"},{"key":"ref9\/cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208558"},{"key":"ref10\/cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.626370"},{"key":"ref11\/cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8060831"},{"key":"ref12\/cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18101552"},{"key":"ref13\/cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12433"},{"key":"ref14\/cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3052-5_22"},{"key":"ref15\/cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257824"},{"key":"ref16\/cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.767038"},{"key":"ref17\/cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00639-19"},{"key":"ref18\/cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2025.100583"},{"key":"ref19\/cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081104"},{"key":"ref20\/cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.610368"},{"key":"ref21\/cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.11.022"},{"key":"ref22\/cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00421"},{"key":"ref23\/cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.12830"},{"key":"ref24\/cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2016.06.017"},{"key":"ref25\/cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1455-z"},{"key":"ref26\/cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05618-8"},{"key":"ref27\/cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175159"},{"key":"ref28\/cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-28306"},{"key":"ref29\/cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-05003-x"},{"key":"ref30\/cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03831-x"},{"key":"ref31\/cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13036-018-0108-5"},{"key":"ref32\/cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.60.1.105"},{"key":"ref33\/cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2211068214561025"},{"key":"ref34\/cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/026119290503300618"},{"key":"ref35\/cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12871"},{"key":"ref36\/cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01962"},{"key":"ref37\/cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6107(02)00037-8"},{"key":"ref38\/cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a002584"},{"key":"ref39\/cit39","first-page":"305","volume":"59","author":"Kitel R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Postepy Biochem."},{"key":"ref40\/cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176225"},{"key":"ref41\/cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ddtec.2017.03.002"},{"key":"ref42\/cit42","first-page":"24","volume-title":"Recent Results in Cancer Research","volume":"95","author":"Sutherland R. M.","year":"1984"},{"key":"ref43\/cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sci7010027"},{"key":"ref44\/cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.05.032"},{"key":"ref45\/cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.11.026"},{"key":"ref46\/cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9148-8_12"},{"key":"ref47\/cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.626370"},{"key":"ref48\/cit48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2020.108061"},{"key":"ref49\/cit49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/528373"},{"key":"ref50\/cit50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100190"},{"key":"ref51\/cit51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40298-7"},{"key":"ref52\/cit52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2023.05.012"},{"key":"ref53\/cit53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1812435"},{"key":"ref54\/cit54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.131507.1"},{"key":"ref55\/cit55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000364"},{"key":"ref56\/cit56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13060"},{"key":"ref57\/cit57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0177-8"},{"key":"ref58\/cit58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2020.10.002"},{"key":"ref59\/cit59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116451"},{"key":"ref60\/cit60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.12.003"},{"key":"ref61\/cit61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13206-022-00086-9"},{"key":"ref62\/cit62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43586-022-00174-y"},{"key":"ref63\/cit63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-34471-9_23","volume-title":"Racing for the Surface: Antimicrobial and Interface Tissue Engineering","author":"Shimojo A.","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref64\/cit64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/jts\/2013.1.3.130"},{"key":"ref65\/cit65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/290602"},{"key":"ref66\/cit66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pat.5273"},{"key":"ref67\/cit67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.5c01301"},{"key":"ref68\/cit68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cesys.2024.100253"},{"key":"ref69\/cit69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2018.02.276"},{"key":"ref70\/cit70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-025-07618-6"},{"key":"ref71\/cit71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5851\/kosfa.2025.e13"},{"key":"ref72\/cit72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12541-023-00791-x"},{"key":"ref73\/cit73","first-page":"100139","volume":"6","author":"Khan A. R.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Regen."},{"key":"ref74\/cit74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2025.100858"},{"key":"ref75\/cit75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-7021(11)70058-X"},{"key":"ref76\/cit76","first-page":"251","volume":"10","author":"Wu S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nanoscale Horiz."},{"key":"ref77\/cit77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb16090328"},{"key":"ref78\/cit78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/729076"},{"key":"ref79\/cit79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2020.41361.9770"},{"key":"ref80\/cit80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.2c00635"},{"key":"ref81\/cit81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.8b01009"},{"key":"ref82\/cit82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.03771-23"},{"key":"ref83\/cit83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5365-y"},{"key":"ref84\/cit84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/gels11070542"},{"key":"ref85\/cit85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2958"},{"key":"ref86\/cit86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201805510"},{"key":"ref87\/cit87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.02.003"},{"key":"ref88\/cit88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-016-1612-8"},{"key":"ref89\/cit89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.10167"},{"key":"ref90\/cit90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app11156929"},{"key":"ref91\/cit91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.05.030"},{"key":"ref92\/cit92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12070459"},{"key":"ref93\/cit93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0079-3"},{"key":"ref94\/cit94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2024.102231"},{"key":"ref95\/cit95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.08.005"},{"key":"ref96\/cit96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0080-1"},{"key":"ref97\/cit97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000169"},{"key":"ref98\/cit98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00124B"},{"key":"ref99\/cit99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2724-8"},{"key":"ref100\/cit100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae625"},{"key":"ref101\/cit101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1564806"},{"key":"ref102\/cit102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abo5767"},{"key":"ref103\/cit103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abm8012"},{"key":"ref104\/cit104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15305-4"},{"key":"ref105\/cit105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35694-4"},{"key":"ref106\/cit106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202505206"},{"key":"ref107\/cit107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2433968100"},{"key":"ref108\/cit108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01568-w"},{"key":"ref109\/cit109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030099"},{"key":"ref110\/cit110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19422-y"},{"key":"ref111\/cit111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.2c00041"},{"key":"ref112\/cit112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12121443"},{"key":"ref113\/cit113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-20096-9"},{"key":"ref114\/cit114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inmd.20220002"},{"key":"ref115\/cit115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1060895"},{"key":"ref116\/cit116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94217-1"},{"key":"ref117\/cit117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202402727"},{"key":"ref118\/cit118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303350"}],"container-title":["ACS Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00244","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00244","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T08:12:02Z","timestamp":1781251922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00244"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00244"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00244","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-8227","2373-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8227","type":"print"},{"value":"2373-8227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]]}}}