{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:08:57Z","timestamp":1789135737270,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Strongyloidiasis is a neglected tropical disease for which scalable serological diagnostics are essential to support control programmes. The Strongyloides stercoralis NIE antigen is widely used for antibody detection, but its antigenic determinants remain incompletely defined. Here, we performed epitope mapping of the NIE antigen using a panel of 23 overlapping 15-mer peptides and 4 bioinformatically predicted peptides. Immunoreactivity was evaluated by detecting IgG assay in sera from infected and noninfected individuals. Full-length NIE showed excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.934), whereas four peptides (11, 12, 17, 18) demonstrated moderate discrimination (AUC = 0.59\u20130.64). Combining peptides improved performance (AUC &amp;gt; 0.70), with peptides 12 and 18 consistently contributing to the best models. Structural mapping revealed two solvent-exposed regions corresponding to peptide pairs 11\u201312 and 17\u201318. These findings identify key immunoreactive regions within NIE and provide a structural basis for antigen engineering, while confirming the superior performance of the full-length antigen for serodiagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T02:10:46Z","timestamp":1788401446000},"page":"3104-3113","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NIE Antigen\nMapping for Serological Diagnostic of\nStrongyloidiasis"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Cambra-Pelleja\u0300","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"GraphenicaLab SL , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08018"]},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona , , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08007"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alba","family":"Pejenaute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) , Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 800 , ,","place":["Derio, Spain, 48160"]},{"name":"Tekniker, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) , C\/In\u0303aki Goenaga 5 , ,","place":["Eibar, Spain, 20600"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"Jime\u0301nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Fleitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia D.","family":"Simao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GraphenicaLab SL , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08018"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Baptista-Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Aveiro , , ,","place":["Aveiro, Portugal, 3810-193"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Camprubi\u0301-Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona , , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08007"]},{"name":"International Health Department Hospital Clinic de Barcelona , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Mun\u0303oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"Universitat de Barcelona , , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08007"]},{"name":"International Health Department Hospital Clinic de Barcelona , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7126-9096","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Ortega-Quintanilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) , Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, Building 800 , ,","place":["Derio, Spain, 48160"]},{"name":"Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science , Plaza Euskadi 5 , ,","place":["Bilbao, Spain, 48009"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlota","family":"Doban\u0303o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9481-4408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Claudio","family":"Parolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 08036"]},{"name":"Universitat Rovira iVirgili , , ,","place":["Tarragona, Spain, 43007"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Gandasegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISGlobal , ,","place":["Barcelona, Spain, 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Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections2023; Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/soiltransmitted-helminth-infections. [cited October 6, 2023]."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091109075767300_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0895","article-title":"Morbidity\nAssociated with Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis Infection: A Systematic\nReview and Meta-Analysis","volume":"100","author":"Tamarozzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med.\nHyg."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit4","unstructured":"World Health Organization.\n          . 2030 Targets for Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases Control Programmes2020; Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/bookorders."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091109075767300_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009373","article-title":"New global\ntargets for ntds in the who roadmap 2021\u20132030","volume":"15","author":"Casulli","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008933","article-title":"Time for a\ndiagnostic sea-change: Rethinking neglected tropical disease diagnostics\nto achieve elimination","volume":"14","author":"Gass","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2021.106081","article-title":"Diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis:\nApplication in clinical practice","volume":"223","author":"Costa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091109075767300_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009076","article-title":"Performance evaluation of Baermann\ntechniques: The quest for developing a microscopy reference standard\nfor the diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis","volume":"15","author":"Gelaye","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2147\/RRTM.S278140","article-title":"Diagnostic Techniques\nfor Soil-Transmitted\nHelminths - Recent Advances","volume":"12","author":"Khurana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Rep. Trop.\nMed."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091109075767300_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00122-13","article-title":"Molecular testing for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological\ninvestigations of intestinal parasitic infections","volume":"27","author":"Verweij","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026091109075767300_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008231","article-title":"First international external quality\nassessment scheme of nucleic acid amplification tests for the detection\nof schistosoma and soil-transmitted helminths, including strongyloides:\nA pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Cools","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. 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Dis."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit15","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO).\n          .  Diagnostic Methods for the Control of Strongyloidiasis, World Health Organization, 2020; p 53."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2026091109075767300_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(02)00214-1","article-title":"Characterization\nof a recombinant immunodiagnostic antigen (NIE) from Strongyloides\nstercoralis L3-stage larvae","volume":"125","author":"Ravi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026091109075767300_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003694","article-title":"Development of Ss-NIE-1 Recombinant\nAntigen Based Assays for Immunodiagnosis of Strongyloidiasis","volume":"9","author":"Rascoe","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. 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Nanoeng."},{"issue":"37","key":"2026091109075767300_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202201881","article-title":"A Programmable\nElectrochemical Y-Shaped\nDNA Scaffold Sensor for the Single-Step Detection of Antibodies and\nProteins in Untreated Biological Fluids","volume":"32","author":"Idili","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv.\nFunct Mater."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2016.03.002","article-title":"Short epitope-based\nsynthetic peptides\nfor serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis","volume":"172","author":"Feliciano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0295-3","article-title":"REASSURED\ndiagnostics to inform disease control strategies, strengthen health\nsystems and improve patient outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Land","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026091109075767300_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000771","article-title":"Serodiagnosis of Echinococcus\nspp. infection: Explorative\nselection of diagnostic antigens by peptide microarray","volume":"4","author":"List","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091109075767300_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1177\/1740774513497540","article-title":"Imperfect\ngold standards for biomarker evaluation","volume":"10","author":"Waikar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin.\nTrials"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026091109075767300_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1021\/ac902595f","article-title":"Exploiting binding-induced changes\nin probe flexibility\nfor the optimization of electrochemical biosensors","volume":"82","author":"White","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091109075767300_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1021\/ac202757c","article-title":"Wash-free, Electrochemical Platform for the Quantitative,\nMultiplexed Detection of Specific Antibodies","volume":"84","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.8b05009","article-title":"DNA-Based Scaffolds for Sensing Applications","volume":"91","author":"Ranallo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/10_2023_235","article-title":"Rationally Designed\nDNA-Based Scaffolds and Switching Probes for Protein Sensing","volume-title":"Trends in Biosensing Research","author":"Chamorro","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026091109075767300_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-021-00644-y","article-title":"Reagentless\nbiomolecular analysis using a molecular pendulum","volume":"13","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15150","article-title":"Antibody-powered nucleic\nacid release using a DNA-based nanomachine","volume":"8","author":"Ranallo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091109075767300_cit40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00166-8","article-title":"Molecular characterization of P-29,\na metacestode-specific component of Echinococcus granulosus which\nis immunologically related to, but distinct from, antigen 5","volume":"105","author":"Gonza\u0301lez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026091109075767300_cit41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.10.012","article-title":"Human T cell epitope\nmapping of the Schistosoma mansoni 14-kDa fatty acid-binding protein\nusing cells from patients living in areas endemic for schistosomiasis","volume":"7","author":"Fonseca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091109075767300_cit42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010619","article-title":"Identification of a\nlinear B-cell epitope on the Schistosoma japonicum saposin protein,\nSjSAP4: Potential as a component of a multi-epitope diagnostic assay","volume":"16","author":"Mu","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026091109075767300_cit43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1086\/589718","article-title":"A luciferase immunoprecipitation\nsystems assay enhances\nthe sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis\ninfection","volume":"198","author":"Ramanathan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091109075767300_cit44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218895","article-title":"Fatty acid and retinol-binding\nprotein: A novel antigen for immunodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis","volume":"14","author":"Masoori","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026091109075767300_cit45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0012320","article-title":"Design and\nexpression\nof a chimeric recombinant antigen (SsIR-Ss1a) for the serodiagnosis\nof human strongyloidiasis: Evaluation of performance, sensitivity,\nand specificity","volume":"18","author":"Omidian","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis."},{"issue":"43","key":"2026091109075767300_cit46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to\nthe Tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Software"},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: An open-source package for\nR and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinf."},{"key":"2026091109075767300_cit48","unstructured":"R Core Team.\n          .  A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2025."}],"container-title":["ACS Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00271","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aidcbc\/article-pdf\/12\/9\/3104\/67981133\/acsinfecdis.6c00271.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aidcbc\/article-pdf\/12\/9\/3104\/67981133\/acsinfecdis.6c00271.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T13:29:33Z","timestamp":1789133373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aidcbc\/article\/12\/9\/3104\/5383220\/NIE-Antigen-Mapping-for-Serological-Diagnostic-of"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsinfecdis.6c00271","relation":{},"ISSN":["2373-8227"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2373-8227","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]}}}