{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:05:38Z","timestamp":1792076738255,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,15]],"date-time":"2019-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/page\/policy\/authorchoice_termsofuse.html"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kinetoplastid parasites have caused human disease for millennia. Significant achievements have been made toward developing new treatments for leishmaniasis (particularly on the Indian subcontinent) and for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Moreover, the sustained decrease in the incidence of HAT has made the prospect of elimination a tantalizing reality. Despite the gains, no new chemical or biological entities to treat kinetoplastid diseases have been registered in more than three decades, and more work is needed to discover safe and effective therapies for patients with Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. Advances in tools for drug discovery and novel insights into the biology of the host\u2013parasite interaction may provide opportunities for accelerated progress. Here, we summarize the output from a gathering of scientists and physicians who met to discuss the current status and future directions in drug discovery for kinetoplastid diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.8b00298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]],"date-time":"2018-12-13T14:29:10Z","timestamp":1544711350000},"page":"152-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Drug Discovery for Kinetoplastid Diseases: Future\nDirections"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Srinivasa P. S.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD) , 5300 Chiron Way , , ,","place":["Emeryville, California, United States, 94608"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael P.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Glasgow , University Place , ,","place":["Glasgow, United Kingdom, G12 8TA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Dranoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research (NIBR) , , 250 Massachusetts Avenue , , ,","place":["Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, 02139"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Faraday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIBR , , Fabrikstrasse 2 , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, CH-4056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio R.","family":"Gimpelewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Drug Development, Novartis Pharma, Forum 1 , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, CH-4056"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asrat","family":"Hailu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University , P.O. Box 28017 code , ,","place":["Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine L.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD) , 5300 Chiron Way , , ,","place":["Emeryville, California, United States, 94608"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Kelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine , Keppel Street , ,","place":["London, United Kingdom, WC1E 7HT"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis K.","family":"Lazdins-Helds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant , Chemic Des Tulipiers 9 , ,","place":["Geneva, Switzerland, 1208"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Ma\u0308ser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Basel , , ,","place":["Basel, Switzerland, CH 4000"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Mengel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oswaldo Cruz Institute , , FIOCRUZ-RJ, Av. Brasil 4365 , Cep: , -RJ,","place":["Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 21040-900"]},{"name":"University in Petro\u0300polis , , Av. Barao do Rio Branco 1003 , Cep: , -RJ,","place":["Petropolis, Brazil, 25680-120"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5574-3766","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jeremy C.","family":"Mottram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of York , Wentworth Way Heslington , ,","place":["York, United Kingdom, YO10 5DD"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Mowbray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative , 15 Chemin Louis-Dunant , ,","place":["Geneva, Switzerland, 1202"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David L.","family":"Sacks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases , 4 Memorial Drive , , ,","place":["Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania , 380 South University Avenue , , ,","place":["Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald F.","family":"Spa\u0308th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur , 25 Rue du Docteur Roux , ,","place":["Paris, France, 75015"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rick L.","family":"Tarleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Georgia , Coverdell Center, 500 DW Brooks Dr , , ,","place":["Athens, Georgia, United States, 30602"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan M.","family":"Spector","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD) , 5300 Chiron Way , , ,","place":["Emeryville, California, United States, 94608"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thierry T.","family":"Diagana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases (NITD) , 5300 Chiron Way , , ,","place":["Emeryville, California, United States, 94608"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2026090304032505300_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307312101","article-title":"A 9,000-year record\nof Chagas\u2019 disease","volume":"101","author":"Aufderheide","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. 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Heart Fail."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026090304032505300_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409077","article-title":"Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition\nversus enalapril in heart failure","volume":"371","author":"McMurray","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl.\nJ. 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