{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T14:00:04Z","timestamp":1793973604954,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Chemical Society (ACS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586390400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-045"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003977","name":"Israel Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1602\/17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1602\/17"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003977","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006151","name":"Basic Energy Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02-05-CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02-05-CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006151","name":"Basic Energy Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC-0012375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC-0012375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006151","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000078","name":"Division of Materials Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMR-1708615"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1708615"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000078","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024000","name":"Zuckerman Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Technion Russel Barry Nanoscience Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mechanical displacement in commonly used piezoelectric materials is typically restricted to linear or biaxial in nature and to a few percent of the material dimensions. Here, we show that free-standing BaTiO3 membranes exhibit nonconventional electromechanical coupling. Under an external electric field, these superelastic membranes undergo controllable and reversible \u201csushi-rolling-like\u201d 180\u00b0 folding\u2013unfolding cycles. This crease-free folding is mediated by charged ferroelectric domains, leading to giant &amp;gt;3.8 and 4.6 \u03bcm displacements for a 30 nm thick membrane at room temperature and 60 \u00b0C, respectively. Further increasing the electric field above the coercive value changes the fold curvature, hence augmenting the effective piezoresponse. Finally, it is found that the membranes fold with increasing temperature followed by complete immobility of the membrane above the Curie temperature, allowing us to model the ferroelectric domain origin of the effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c01615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T15:38:13Z","timestamp":1586446693000},"page":"5053-5060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Giant\nSuperelastic Piezoelectricity in Flexible Ferroelectric\nBaTiO3 Membranes"],"prefix":"10.1021","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hemaprabha","family":"Elangovan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]},{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Barzilay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]},{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1625-8036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sahar","family":"Seremi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]},{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2224-640X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Noy","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yizhe","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]},{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lane W.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California, Berkeley , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]},{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , , , ,","place":["Berkeley, California, United States, 94720"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3045-923X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yachin","family":"Ivry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]},{"name":"Technion \u2212 Israel Institute of Technology , , ,","place":["Haifa, Israel, 3200003"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"316","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11108","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11108","article-title":"High-Sensitivity\nAcoustic Sensors from Nanofibre Webs","volume":"7","author":"Lang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaax1782","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax1782","article-title":"Designing Electromechanical\nMetamaterial with Full Nonzero Piezoelectric Coefficients","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902831","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201902831","article-title":"Conjuncted Pyro-Piezoelectric\nEffect for Self-Powered Simultaneous Temperature and Pressure Sensing","volume":"31","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1124005","article-title":"Piezoelectric\nNanogenerators Based on Zinc Oxide Nanowire Arrays","volume":"312","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1021\/nl104412b","article-title":"Enhanced\nPiezoelectricity and Stretchability in Energy Harvesting Devices Fabricated\nfrom Buckled PZT Ribbons","volume":"11","author":"Qi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201303570","article-title":"Highly Stretchable Piezoelectric-Pyroelectric\nHybrid Nanogenerator","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201200150","article-title":"A Hybrid Piezoelectric\nStructure for Wearable Nanogenerators","volume":"24","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv.\nMater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1551-2916.2012.05155.x","article-title":"PZT-Based Piezoelectric MEMS Technology","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Ceram. Soc."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4788","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201501695","article-title":"Cellular Polypropylene\nPiezoelectret for Human Body Energy Harvesting and Health Monitoring","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802084","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802084","article-title":"Piezoelectric Biomaterials\nfor Sensors and Actuators","volume":"31","author":"Chorsi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4496","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5496","article-title":"Conformable Amplified Lead Zirconate\nTitanate Sensors with Enhanced Piezoelectric Response for Cutaneous\nPressure Monitoring","volume":"5","author":"Dagdeviren","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1600209","article-title":"Subatomic\nDeformation Driven by Vertical Piezoelectricity from CdS\nUltrathin Films","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700991","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.201700991","article-title":"Electronic Transport\nand Ferroelectric Switching in\nIon-Bombarded, Defect-Engineered BiFeO3 Thin Films","volume":"5","author":"Saremi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5952","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.6b02542","article-title":"Nonstoichiometry,\nStructure, and Properties of BiFeO3 Films","volume":"28","author":"Dedon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25882","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b06332","article-title":"Oxide Heteroepitaxy-Based\nFlexible Ferroelectric Transistor","volume":"11","author":"Tsai","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl.\nMater. Interfaces"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900428","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.201900428","article-title":"Enhanced Ferroelectric Functionality in Flexible Lead Zirconate Titanate\nFilms with In Situ Substrate-Clamping Compensation","volume":"5","author":"Onn\nWinestook","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1322-0","article-title":"Untethered Flight\nof an Insect-Sized Flapping-Wing Microscale Aerial Vehicle","volume":"570","author":"Jafferis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103218","article-title":"Enhancement\nof Ferroelectricity in Strained BaTiO3 Thin Films","volume":"306","author":"Choi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02773","article-title":"Room-Temperature\nFerroelectricity in Strained SrTiO3","volume":"430","author":"Haeni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat800","article-title":"Dynamics of Ferroelastic Domains\nin Ferroelectric Thin Films","volume":"2","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16463","article-title":"Observation of Polar\nVortices in Oxide Superlattices","volume":"530","author":"Yadav","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172905","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2730749","article-title":"Enhanced Pyroelectric\nEffect in Self-Supported\nFilms of BaTiO3 with Polycrystalline Macrodomains","volume":"90","author":"Ivry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4749","article-title":"Synthesis of Freestanding\nSingle-Crystal\nPerovskite Films and Heterostructures by Etching of Sacrificial Water-Soluble\nLayers","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay7221","article-title":"Super-Elastic\nFerroelectric Single-Crystal Membrane with Continuous Electric Dipole\nRotation","volume":"366","author":"Dong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206980","article-title":"Domain Dynamics\nduring Ferroelectric Switching","volume":"334","author":"Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4801","article-title":"Ferroelastic\nDomain\nSwitching Dynamics under Electrical and Mechanical Excitations","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902549","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201902549","article-title":"Epitaxial TiOx Surface\nin Ferroelectric BaTiO3: Native Structure and Dynamic Patterning\nat the Atomic Scale","author":"Barzilay","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2006.0107","article-title":"Polarization Reorientation\nin Ferroelectric Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films with Electron\nBeams","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.94.174104","article-title":"Electron-Beam-Induced\nFerroelectric Domain Behavior\nin the Transmission Electron Microscope: Toward Deterministic Domain\nPatterning","volume":"94","author":"Hart","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater.\nPhys."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/155484b0","article-title":"Crystal\nStructure of Barium Titanate","volume":"155","author":"Megaw","year":"1945","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.9b00580","article-title":"Surface Nucleation of the Paraelectric\nPhase in Ferroelectric BaTiO3: Atomic Scale Mapping","volume":"1","author":"Barzilay","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Electron. Mater."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"024115","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.74.024115","article-title":"Scaling of Domain Periodicity\nwith Thickness Measured in BaTiO3 Single Crystal Lamellae\nand Comparison with Other Ferroics","volume":"74","author":"Schilling","year":"2006","journal-title":"Phys. Rev.\nB: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2017.09.046","article-title":"All-Inkjet-Printed\nFlexible Piezoelectric Generator Made of Solvent Evaporation Assisted\nBaTiO3 Hybrid Material","volume":"41","author":"Lim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nano Energy"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11318","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11318","article-title":"Atomic Mechanism of\nPolarization-Controlled Surface\nReconstruction in Ferroelectric Thin Films","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR01747G","article-title":"Formation and Manipulation\nof Domain Walls with 2-nm Domain Periodicity in BaTiO3 Without\nContact Electrodes","volume-title":"arXiv","author":"Barzilay","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.260","article-title":"Flexoelectric Microelectromechanical\nSystem on Silicon","volume":"11","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205502","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.121.205502","article-title":"Piezoelectric Mimicry\nof Flexoelectricity","volume":"121","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162903","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3105942","article-title":"Nanometer\nResolution Piezoresponse Force Microscopy\nto Study Deep Submicron Ferroelectric and Ferroelastic Domains","volume":"94","author":"Ivry","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"2026081718143853500_cit39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"036502","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6633\/aa915a","article-title":"Surface Screening Mechanisms in Ferroelectric\nThin Films and Its Effect on Polarization Dynamics and Domain Structures","volume":"81","author":"Kalinin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rep. Prog. Phys."}],"container-title":["ACS Nano"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1021\/acsnano.0c01615","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"unspecified"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/14\/4\/5053\/18468495\/nn0c01615.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article-pdf\/14\/4\/5053\/18468495\/nn0c01615.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:14:55Z","timestamp":1787004895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/ancac3\/article\/14\/4\/5053\/602971\/Giant-Superelastic-Piezoelectricity-in-Flexible"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.0c01615","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-0851","1936-086X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-0851","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-086X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]]}}}